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Linux磁盘配额配置步骤
我们先把硬盘做成逻辑卷,再在此基础上进行磁盘配额。
四块硬盘为/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd,大小都为20G。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l| grep /dev/sd
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
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用fdisk命令分别为四块新硬盘分区,都分为一个主分区,并准备做LVM,改system id为8e。
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l | grep /dev/sd
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdc1 2048 41943039 20970496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sdd1 2048 41943039 20970496 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
/dev/sde1 2048 41943039 20970496 8e Linux LVM
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创建逻辑卷,更详细讲解可到笔者的博客:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43515220/article/details/102864201
或者也可以参考其他博主的博客。
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 //用四块磁盘创建物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sde1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate My_vg1 /dev/sd[b-e]1 //创建卷组,名为My_vg1
Volume group "My_vg1" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 40G -n My_lv1 My_vg1 //在卷组My_vg1上创建名为My_lv1的逻辑卷
Logical volume "My_lv1" created.
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格式化逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/My_vg1/My_lv1 -f
meta-data=/dev/My_vg1/My_lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=262144
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=10485760, imaxpct
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=5120, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
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创建挂载点
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /My_lv1
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下面来配置磁盘配额
先介绍一下配置磁盘配额的步骤:
- 以支持配额功能的方式挂载文件系统
- 编辑用户和组账户的配额设置
- 验证磁盘配额功能
- 查看磁盘配额使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install xfsprogs &> /dev/null //需要安装xfsprogs和quota软件包,CentOS7集成了quota软件包
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用vim编辑/etc/fstab文件,添加下面的配置来完成自动挂载和修改挂载权限
/dev/My_vg1/My_lv1 /My_lv1 xfs defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0
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以支持配额功能的方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o usrquota,grpquota /dev/My_vg1/My_lv1 /My_lv1/ //或者mount -a,因为已经在/etc/fstab做过配置了
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th | grep /My_lv1 //注意不要grep /My_lv1/
/dev/mapper/My_vg1-My_lv1 xfs 40G 33M 40G 1% /My_lv1
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编辑用户和组账号的配额设置
方法:软限制、硬限制
模式:容量、文件数量
容量软:bsoft 容量硬:bhard
数量软:isoft 数量硬:ihard
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_quota -x -c 'limit -u bsoft=10G bhard=15G isoft=100 ihard=150 amy' /My_lv1/ //硬限制容量15G,文件数量150个,软限制容量10G,文件数量100个,对amy用户进行配额
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查看配额使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_quota -c 'quota -iuv amy' /My_lv1/
Disk quotas for User amy (1000)
Filesystem Files Quota Limit Warn/Time Mounted on
/dev/mapper/My_vg1-My_lv1
0 100 150 00 [--------] /My_lv1
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_quota -x -c 'report -a' /My_lv1
User quota on /My_lv1 (/dev/mapper/My_vg1-My_lv1)
Blocks
User ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace
---------- --------------------------------------------------
root 0 0 0 00 [--------]
amy 0 10485760 15728640 00 [--------]
Group quota on /My_lv1 (/dev/mapper/My_vg1-My_lv1)
Blocks
Group ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace
---------- --------------------------------------------------
root 0 0 0 00 [--------]
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因为/My_lv1是root用户创建的,我们来看下这个文件夹的权限
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l / | grep My_lv1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 01:41 My_lv1
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可知,amy用户没有权限写入,下面我们来修改权限
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /My_lv1
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l / | grep My_lv1
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Nov 2 01:41 My_lv1
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切换到amy用户进行验证
[root@localhost ~]# su amy
[amy@localhost root]$ cd
[amy@localhost ~]$ pwd
/home/amy
[amy@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/My_lv1/demo01.txt bs=1M count=7070+0 records in
70+0 records out
73400320 bytes (73 MB) copied, 0.405906 s, 181 MB/s
[amy@localhost ~]$ ls /My_lv1/
demo01.txt
[amy@localhost ~]$ touch /My_lv1/test{1..150} //超过最大文件数量
touch: cannot touch ‘/My_lv1/test150’: Disk quota exceeded
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看现象可知,amy用户不能创建150个以上的文件,配额配置完成