C语言 fread()与fwrite()函数说明与示例
1.作用
读写文件数据块。
2.函数原型
(1)size_t fread ( void * ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE * stream );
其中,ptr:指向保存结果的指针;size:每个数据类型的大小;count:数据的个数;stream:文件指针
函数返回读取数据的个数。
(2)size_t fwrite ( const void * ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE * stream );
其中,ptr:指向保存数据的指针;size:每个数据类型的大小;count:数据的个数;stream:文件指针
函数返回写入数据的个数。
3.注意
(1)写操作fwrite()后必须关闭流fclose()。
(2)不关闭流的情况下,每次读或写数据后,文件指针都会指向下一个待写或者读数据位置的指针。
4.读写常用类型
(1)写int数据到文件
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 int main () 4 { 5 FILE * pFile; 6 int buffer[] = {1, 2, 3, 4}; 7 if((pFile = fopen ("myfile.txt", "wb"))==NULL) 8 { 9 printf("cant open the file"); 10 exit(0); 11 } 12 //可以写多个连续的数据(这里一次写4个) 13 fwrite (buffer , sizeof(int), 4, pFile); 14 fclose (pFile); 15 return 0; 16 }
(2)读取int数据
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 4 int main () { 5 FILE * fp; 6 int buffer[4]; 7 if((fp=fopen("myfile.txt","rb"))==NULL) 8 { 9 printf("cant open the file"); 10 exit(0); 11 } 12 if(fread(buffer,sizeof(int),4,fp)!=4) //可以一次读取 13 { 14 printf("file read error\n"); 15 exit(0); 16 } 17 18 for(int i=0;i<4;i++) 19 printf("%d\n",buffer[i]); 20 return 0; 21 }
执行结果:
5.读写结构体数据
(1)写结构体数据到文件
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 typedef struct{ 5 int age; 6 char name[30]; 7 }people; 8 9 int main () 10 { 11 FILE * pFile; 12 int i; 13 people per[3]; 14 per[0].age=20;strcpy(per[0].name,"li"); 15 per[1].age=18;strcpy(per[1].name,"wang"); 16 per[2].age=21;strcpy(per[2].name,"zhang"); 17 18 if((pFile = fopen ("myfile.txt", "wb"))==NULL) 19 { 20 printf("cant open the file"); 21 exit(0); 22 } 23 24 for(i=0;i<3;i++) 25 { 26 if(fwrite(&per[i],sizeof(people),1,pFile)!=1) 27 printf("file write error\n"); 28 } 29 fclose (pFile); 30 return 0; 31 }
(2)读结构体数据
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 typedef struct{ 5 int age; 6 char name[30]; 7 }people; 8 9 int main () { 10 FILE * fp; 11 people per; 12 if((fp=fopen("myfile.txt","rb"))==NULL) 13 { 14 printf("cant open the file"); 15 exit(0); 16 } 17 18 while(fread(&per,sizeof(people),1,fp)==1) //如果读到数据,就显示;否则退出 19 { 20 printf("%d %s\n",per.age,per.name); 21 } 22 return 0; 23 }
执行结果:
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