英语句子成分分析

我们都知道学习英语都是从字母–单词—词组----句子，这样的过程，那我们要学习英语句子时，简单句还好说，复杂句就不好说了，那我们要是了解他们的成分，是不是就简单许多了，那么我在下面就简单的介绍了一下句子成分都有哪些：
参考网址：http://www.doc88.com/p-0813883386741.html

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一、基本概念与例句
1、定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
2、主要成分：主语和谓语
3、次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .

主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 地点状语 时间状语
汉意：（我昨天在车站遇到了我最好的朋友汤姆）
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词）
汉意：（简擅长弹钢琴）
be good at 擅长
She went out in a hurry.（代词）
汉意：（她匆匆忙忙地出去了）
go out 出去；熄灭；过时；
Four plus four is eight.（数词）
汉意：（四加四等于八。）
To see is to believe.（不定式）
汉意：（眼见为实）
耳听为虚，眼见为实：What you hear is false, what you see is true
Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）
汉意：（吸烟有害健康）
be bad for 对… 有害；
The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）
汉意：（年轻人应该尊重老年人。）
respect vt. 尊重；尊敬；关心；遵守
n. 尊重，恭敬；敬意；某方面
respect for sb 对某人的尊敬
What he has said is true. （句子）
汉意：（ 他说的是真的。）
找出下列句中的主语：
1、The sun rises in the east.
2、Twenty years is a short time in history.
3、The poor are now living in the shelter.

㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
You saw the flag on the top of the hill?
汉意：（你看到山顶上的国旗了吗？）
on the top 在上面
He looked after two orphans.
汉意：（他照顾两个孤儿。）
look after 照顾；照料
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
汉意：（他英语口语说得很好）
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
汉意：（她好像不喜欢跳舞。）
seem的用法:“主语+ seem +（to be ）+表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。例如：
Tom seems （to be ） a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。
“主语+ seem + 不定式”，此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。例如：
The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大。
“It seems + that从句”，其中it 是形式主语，that引导主语从句。例如：
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。
“There + seem to be +名词”，其中to be 可省略。seem 的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。例如：
There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。
seem(好象)的用法：记住几个结构：①sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+…；②sb./sth. + seem + like +…；③sb/sth + seem + to (do)；④It seems that + 从句。
找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：1. We love China.
2. He can speak English.
3. She seems tired.
(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词）
汉意：（请出示你的护照。）
She didn’t say anything. （代词）
汉意：（她什么都没说）
How many do you want? - I want two. （数词）
汉意：（你想要多少？ —我想要两个）
want用法总结：want somebaby to do something
想让某人作某事
want to do something
想做某事
want to be …
想成为．．．
want something…
想要…
They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词）
汉意：（他们把伤者送到了医院。）
They asked to see my passport. （不定式）
汉意：（他们要看我的护照。）ask用法：vt
1. ( put question to ) [ +person ] 问；询问
to ask sb sth
问某人某事物
eg:I asked him his name.
我问他叫什么名字。
to ask sb the time
问某人时间
I stopped a young guy and asked him the time .
我叫住一个年轻小伙子问他几点了。
to ask sb about sth
就某事物询问某人
You will have to ask David about that.
这事你得问一下戴维。
to ask sb a question
问某人问题
He started asking me a lot of questions.
他开始向我提出很多问题。
to ask sb why …
问某人为什么…
We are often asked why we never married.
经常有人问我们为什么一直没结婚。
to ask sb if …
问某人是否…
She asked me if I’d enjoyed my dinner.
她问我晚饭吃得是否开心。
to ask sb whether …
问某人是否…
She asked us whether we would like to stay for dinner or not.
她问我们要不要留下来吃晚饭。
4. ( direct ) [ +question ] 问；提出
`How is Frank?’ he asked.
“弗兰克还好吧？”他问道。
to ask a question
问问题
I wasn’t the only one asking questions.
提问题的不止我一个人。
to ask why …
问为什么…
I asked why the lion didn’t attack.
我问为什么狮子没有发起攻击。
She asked why I’d done it.
她问我为什么这么做。
to ask if …
问是否…
Someone asked if we’d like to try rowing.
有人问我们要不要试试划船。
to ask whether …
问是否…
At some point you’ve got to ask whether this is a deliberate tactic.
有时你得问一下这是否是一种有意实施的策略。
5. ( inquire about ) 询问；打听
to ask sb sth
问某人某事物
She asked him the time of the train.
她向他询问了火车时刻。
to ask sb’s opinion
征询某人意见
Public transport users will be asked their opinions of the service.
将会就此项服务向公共交通的乘客征求意见。
to ask the price
询问价格
With some embarrassment I asked the price.
我有些不好意思地张口问了价。
to ask the way
问路
We stopped and asked the way to the police station.
我们停下来，向别人打听去警察局的路。
6. ( request ) 请求；要求；恳求
to ask permission
请求准许
He asked permission to leave.
他请求准许他离开。
to ask sb’s permission
征求某人同意
Please ask your parents’ permission before making your call.
打电话之前请先征得你父母的同意。
to ask forgiveness
请求原谅
Manuel looked for the sister of the man he killed, to ask forgiveness.
曼纽尔寻找他所杀害男子的妹妹，以求获得宽恕。
to ask sb’s forgiveness
请求某人原谅
He knelt at his father’s knee and asked his forgiveness.
他跪在父亲膝下，请求原谅。
to ask sb a favour
请某人帮忙
Do you think I might ask you a favour?
我可以请你帮个忙吗？
to ask sb for sth
向某人要某物
He’s always asking people for money.
他总是管人要钱。
Could I ask you for some advice?
你能给我提点儿建议吗？
to ask sb to do sth
要求某人做某事
She asked him to do the shopping.
她让他去购物。
He asked her to marry him.
他求她嫁给自己。
to ask to do sth
要求做某事
In restaurants, ask to be seated away from the smoking area.
在饭店时，应要求坐在远离吸烟区的位置。
I asked to see the Director.
我要求见主任。
to ask a lot of sb
对某人要求很高；向某人要求很多
I know I’ve asked a lot of you over the years.
我知道这些年来我对你要求太多了。
to ask too much of sb
对某人要求过多
There are obligations to play so many games a year but we are asking too much of the players.
运动员虽然有义务每年打这么多场比赛，但我们对他们的要求也太高了。
7. ( invite ) 邀请；约请
Are you going to ask Jon?
你会请乔恩吗？
to ask sb to sth
邀请某人参加某事
Have you asked Matthew to the party?
你邀请马修来参加聚会了吗？
to ask sb to do sth
邀请某人做某事
They asked me to stay for lunch.
他们请我留下来吃午饭。
to ask sb to dinner
邀请某人吃饭
I’d planned to ask you to dinner this week.
我本打算这周请你吃饭。
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
汉意：（我喜欢和你一起工作。）

enjoy：enjoy后接名词或代词.【例如】:They are enjoying their dinner.他们在津津有味地吃饭.
enjoy后面可接动词的-ing形式.【例如】:Ienjoy listening to light music.我喜欢听轻音乐.
enjoy后面可接反身代词(oneself),构成固定搭配enjoy oneself,意为“过得愉快、玩得高兴” ,相当于have a good time.【例如】:-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?你在聚会时玩得高兴吗?-I enjoyed myself very much at the party.我在聚会时玩得真开心.
1.enjoy后接动词时必须接动词的 -ing形式,不能接动词原形或动词不定式(to do).【例如】:他喜欢踢足球.[误] He enjoys play football.[误] He enjoys to play football
Did you write down what he said? （句子）
汉意：（你记下他说的话了吗？）
write down ：写下;记下；
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
He gave me some books.
间接 直接
宾语 宾语
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：
Please pass me the book.
汉意：（请递给我本书）
He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
汉意：（他给他女朋友买了些花。）
找出下列句子的宾语部分：1. We often help him.
8. He likes to play basketball.
9. We enjoy listening to the music.
（四）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
找出下列句中的表语。
11. I am a teacher.
12. They are on the playground.
13. My job is teaching English.
14. It gets cold.
15. It sounds interesting.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.（形容词）
汉意：（他是一个聪明男孩）
His father works in a steel work.（名词）
汉意：（他父亲在一家钢铁厂工作。）
There are 54 students in our class.（数词）
汉意：（在我们班级里有54名学生）
Do you known betty’s sister?（名词所有格）
汉意：（你认识 betty 的姐姐吗？）
He bought some sleeping pills.（动名词）
汉意：（ 他买了些安眠药。）
There is a sleeping baby in bed.（现在分词）
汉意：（在床上有个正在睡觉的婴儿。）
His spoken language is good.（过去分词）
汉意：（他的口语很好。）
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister
汉意：（那个穿红衣服的女孩是他妹妹）.
We have a lot of work to do.
汉意：（我们还有很多工作要做）
a lot of 许多的;诸多
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
汉意：（站在树下的女孩是他的女儿。）
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
汉意：（你知道现在说话的那个男人是谁吗？）
找出下列句子的定语。
16. The black bike is mine.
17. She is a chemistry teacher.
18. The man in blue is my brother.
19. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.
20. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
汉意：（我一会儿就回来）
They are playing on the playground.
汉意：（他们在操场上玩耍）
He was late because he got up late.
汉意：（他迟到是因为他起床晚了。）
He got up so late that I missed the train.
汉意：（他起得太晚了，我错过了火车）
I waited to see you.
汉意：（我等着见你）
He often went to school by bus.
汉意：（他经常做公交车去上学）
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
汉意：（他父母双亡，留给他一个孤儿。）
Please call me if it is necessary.
汉意：（ 如果有必要，请打电话给我）
This book is very interesting.
汉意：（这本书是非常有趣的）
He went to school in spite of his illness.
汉意：（尽管生病了，他还是去上学了。）
in spite of： 尽管
找出下列句中的状语
21. We often help him.
22. I really don’t like the food.
23. He did his homework carefully at home.
4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.
24. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.
（七）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
Eg:I found the book interesting.
汉意：（我发现了一本有趣的书）
Do you smell something burning?
汉意：（你闻到什么东西烧焦了吗？）
He made himself known to them.
汉意：（他让他们知道了他的身份）
She asked me to lend her a hand.
汉意：（她让我帮她一把。）
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。找出下列句子的宾语补足语：
25. They elected John monitor.
26. We call him Iron Ox.
27. The doctor told me to do more exercise.
28. They made her happy.
（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
Eg:We young people should respect the old.（名词）
汉意：（我们年轻人应该尊重老年人。）
He himself will do the experiment.（代词）
汉意：（ 他会亲自做实验。）
He is the oldest among them four.（数词）
汉意：（他是他们四个中年纪最大的。）
He told me the news that our team won the game.（从句）
汉意：（他告诉我我们队赢了比赛。）
二、成果测验
分析下列句子结构：
1 ) I love you
2）You are a student.
3）He felt happy today.
4）What you said made me happy.
5）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?
6）After he finished his homework, he went away.
7）He likes pop music.
8）The sound sounds strange.
9）The food tastes good.
10）He gave me a book yesterday.
11）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.
Private Conversation
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. “I can’t hear a word!” I said angrily.“It’s none of your business,” the young man said rudely.

也希望我写的能对大家学习英语有帮助，也希望大家能够多多的学习英语知识，提高英语水平，本人水平有限，望大神不要喷我。