2022-2023-1 20222822 《Linux内核原理与分析》第三周作业_mypcb.h、mymain.c和myinterrupt.c实现了一个简单的时间片轮转调度进程的精简-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45611605/article/details/127141956

完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码及分析

一，测试并准备环境

通过三个文件mypcb.h、mymain.c和myinterrupt.c实现了一个简单的时间片轮转调度进程的精简内核。其中：
mypcb.h 声明了进程控制块，即定义了一个结构体来说明进程的相关参数；
mymain.c 有两个函数，函数my_start_kernel() 用来初始化进程；
函数my_process()作为每个进程的入口地址，开始逐个调度执行进程；
myinterrupt.c 也有两个函数，函数my_time_handler()定时地不断向cpu发出中断，从而实现了时间片轮转调度（记录时间，触发调度）；
函数my_schedule() 进行进程的上下文切换；

1，环境准备

# 注意路径是区分大小的
$ cd ~/LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4   #进入linux-3.9.4目录下

$ rm -rf mykernel   # 删除mykernel

$ patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch   #使用补丁修复mykernel

$ make allnoconfig  #生成配置

实际操作如图所示：
在这里插入图片描述

2，编译并测试

$ make  #编译
$ qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage

实际效果如图所示：在这里插入图片描述
从qemu窗口中可以看到my_start_kernel在执行，同时my_timer_handler时钟中断处理程序周期性执行。环境的初始化已经完成，接下来可以开始尝试实现时间片轮转多道程序

二，修改并完成时间片轮转多道程序内核代码

1，创建并修改代码

1.1创建文件并编写。

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
 *
 *  Kernel internal PCB types
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 * 
 */
 
define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long		ip;
    unsigned long		sp;
};

typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;
    volatile long state;	/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct Thread thread;
    unsigned long	task_entry;
    struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;

void my_schedule(void);

1.2修改mymain.c文件

修改后的代码：

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mymain.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_start_kernel
 *  Change IA32 to x86-64 arch, 2020/4/26
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013, 2020  Mengning
 *  
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>


#include "mypcb.h"

tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;

void my_process(void);


void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
	asm volatile(
    	"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" 	/* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
    	"pushl %1\n\t" 	        /* push ebp */
    	"pushl %0\n\t" 	        /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
    	"ret\n\t" 	            /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
    	"popl %%ebp\n\t"
    	: 
    	: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)	/* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
	);
}   
void my_process(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
        	    my_schedule();
        	}
        	printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }     
    }
}

1.3修改myinterrupt.c文件

修改后的文件

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_timer_handler
 *  Change IA32 to x86-64 arch, 2020/4/26
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013, 2020  Mengning
 *
 */

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
    return;  	
}

void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
    	return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {        
    	my_current_task = next; 
    	printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);  
    	/* switch to next process */
    	asm volatile(	
        	"pushq %%rbp\n\t" 	    /* save rbp of prev */
        	"movq %%rsp,%0\n\t" 	/* save rsp of prev */
        	"movq %2,%%rsp\n\t"     /* restore  rsp of next */
        	"movq $lf,%1\n\t"       /* save rip of prev */	
        	"pushq %3\n\t" 
        	"ret\n\t" 	            /* restore  rip of next */
        	"1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
        	"popq %%rbp\n\t"
        	: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        	: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    	); 
    }  
    return;	
}

2，重新编译

编译后的运行结果
在这里插入图片描述
通过此简易内核可以学习到：
1 ，进程定义（最少）需要哪些参数， IP,SP,内核堆栈，进程ID，进程状态等。
2，进程是如何调度的，linux调度算法非常复杂，这里只是实现了一个最简单的时间片轮转调度算法，即每隔固定时间调度下一个进程。
3，学习了CPU时钟中断。
4，学习了进程间是通过链表数据结构来指向关联的。
5 ，通过汇编实现进程的上下文切换；