说明:
博主是一个java新手,正在努力完善自己的知识,这也是第一次写博客。最近遇到了一个题目挺有意思的,我就把它拿出来和一起学习java的同学们分享,如果发现代码有改进的地方可以在下方留言,大家一起学习,共同进步!
题目:
把一个带小数的十进制数转化为R进制数输出,R可为二进制、八进制或十六进制,从键盘输入
分析:带小数的十进制数,对于整数来说,进制间的转化大家都不陌生。十进制整数到二进制整数的转换可以采用“除2取余,逆序输出”法,具体转换过程是,用2去除一个十进制数,得到商和余数,然后再用2去除商,又会得到商和余数,循环往复直至商为0为止。但是,对于小数来说,突然一下想不起来!!查了下资料:如果是十进制小数转二进制小数,则采用“乘2取整,顺序输出”。图示如下:
一、读取控制台输入的数据
运用Scanner类来获取
1.需要转化的带小数的数
2.目标转化进制
3.小数的精度
4.将这个数的整数部分与小数部分分离
System.out.println("请输入一个数");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double num = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("请输入目标进制");
Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(System.in);
int num1 = sc1.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入精度");
Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(System.in);
int acc = sc2.nextInt();
//整数
int int_num = (int) num;
//小数
double decimal1 = num - int_num;
二、判断目标进制的值
我们分为3类
1.二进制到九进制的整数
2.11进制到16进制的整数
3超出上面两类的整数
提醒:十进制对于十六进制来说,取值的范围是不同的,十进制逢十进一,十六进制逢十六进一。他们的对应关系如下表
10进制 | 16进制 |
---|---|
0 | 0 |
1 | 1 |
2 | 2 |
3 | 3 |
4 | 4 |
5 | 5 |
6 | 6 |
7 | 7 |
8 | 8 |
9 | 9 |
10 | A |
11 | B |
12 | C |
13 | D |
14 | E |
15 | F |
所以我们需要重新定义一个对应关系,可以用到HashMap集合可以完美解决
//9进制以下的处理
if (num1 >=2 && num1 <= 9){
HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
hashMap.put(0,"0");
hashMap.put(1,"1");
hashMap.put(2,"2");
hashMap.put(3,"3");
hashMap.put(4,"4");
hashMap.put(5,"5");
hashMap.put(6,"6");
hashMap.put(7,"7");
hashMap.put(8,"8");
hashMap.put(9,"9");
String str_i = zhenShu(int_num,num1,hashMap);
// System.out.println(s);
String str_d = xiaoShu(decimal1,num1,acc,hashMap);
//整合整数小数
String int_b = str_i + "." + str_d;
System.out.println(num+"的"+num1+"进制的结果为:"+int_b);
//10-16进制处理
}else if (num1>=11){
HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
hashMap.put(0,"0");
hashMap.put(1,"1");
hashMap.put(2,"2");
hashMap.put(3,"3");
hashMap.put(4,"4");
hashMap.put(5,"5");
hashMap.put(6,"6");
hashMap.put(7,"7");
hashMap.put(8,"8");
hashMap.put(9,"9");
hashMap.put(10,"A");
hashMap.put(11,"B");
hashMap.put(12,"C");
hashMap.put(13,"D");
hashMap.put(14,"E");
hashMap.put(15,"F");
String str_i = zhenShu(int_num,num1,hashMap);
// System.out.println(s);
String str_d = xiaoShu(decimal1,num1,acc,hashMap);
//整合整数小数
String int_b = str_i + "." + str_d;
System.out.println(num+"的"+num1+"进制的结果为:"+int_b);
}else {
System.out.println("请输入2到9或11到16的整数");
}
三、整数部分的处理
//整数部分
public static String zhenShu(int int_num, int num1, HashMap map){
int mod = 0;
String str = "";
if(int_num<16){
return map.get(int_num).toString();
}
while (int_num/num1!=0){
mod = int_num%num1;
str += map.get(mod);
int_num = int_num/num1;
if(int_num/num1==0){
mod = int_num%num1;
str += map.get(mod);
}
}
String s = reverse(str);
return s;
}
四、小数部分的处理
public static String xiaoShu(double decimal1, int num1, int acc, HashMap map){
//小数部分
StringBuffer decimal = new StringBuffer();
// System.out.println(decimal);
int[] arr = new int[acc];
double decimal2 = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
decimal2 = decimal1*num1;
decimal1 = Math.floor(decimal2);
arr[i] = (int) decimal1;
decimal1 = decimal2 - decimal1;
decimal.append(map.get(arr[i]));
}
return decimal.toString();
}
五、完整代码演示
/*
3、把一个带小数的十进制数转化为R进制数输出,R可为二进制、八进制或十六进制,从键盘输入。
*/
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Demo3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("请输入一个数");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double num = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("请输入您想转的进制");
Scanner sc1 = new Scanner(System.in);
int num1 = sc1.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入精度");
Scanner sc2 = new Scanner(System.in);
int acc = sc2.nextInt();
//整数
int int_num = (int) num;
//小数
double decimal1 = num - int_num;
//9进制以下的处理
if (num1 >=2 && num1 <= 9){
HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
hashMap.put(0,"0");
hashMap.put(1,"1");
hashMap.put(2,"2");
hashMap.put(3,"3");
hashMap.put(4,"4");
hashMap.put(5,"5");
hashMap.put(6,"6");
hashMap.put(7,"7");
hashMap.put(8,"8");
hashMap.put(9,"9");
String str_i = zhenShu(int_num,num1,hashMap);
// System.out.println(s);
String str_d = xiaoShu(decimal1,num1,acc,hashMap);
//整合整数小数
String int_b = str_i + "." + str_d;
System.out.println(num+"的"+num1+"进制的结果为:"+int_b);
//10-16进制处理
}else if (num1>=11){
HashMap<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
hashMap.put(0,"0");
hashMap.put(1,"1");
hashMap.put(2,"2");
hashMap.put(3,"3");
hashMap.put(4,"4");
hashMap.put(5,"5");
hashMap.put(6,"6");
hashMap.put(7,"7");
hashMap.put(8,"8");
hashMap.put(9,"9");
hashMap.put(10,"A");
hashMap.put(11,"B");
hashMap.put(12,"C");
hashMap.put(13,"D");
hashMap.put(14,"E");
hashMap.put(15,"F");
String str_i = zhenShu(int_num,num1,hashMap);
// System.out.println(s);
String str_d = xiaoShu(decimal1,num1,acc,hashMap);
//整合整数小数
String int_b = str_i + "." + str_d;
System.out.println(num+"的"+num1+"进制的结果为:"+int_b);
}else {
System.out.println("请输入2到9或11到16的整数");
}
}
//顺序转换
public static String reverse(String str){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(str);
StringBuffer reverse = sb.reverse();
String s = reverse.toString();
return s;
}
//整数部分
public static String zhenShu(int int_num, int num1, HashMap map){
//整数部分
int mod = 0;
String str = "";
if(int_num<16){
return map.get(int_num).toString();
}
while (int_num/num1!=0){
mod = int_num%num1;
str += map.get(mod);
int_num = int_num/num1;
if(int_num/num1==0){
mod = int_num%num1;
str += map.get(mod);
}
}
String s = reverse(str);
return s;
}
public static String xiaoShu(double decimal1, int num1, int acc, HashMap map){
//小数部分
StringBuffer decimal = new StringBuffer();
// System.out.println(decimal);
int[] arr = new int[acc];
double decimal2 = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
decimal2 = decimal1*num1;
decimal1 = Math.floor(decimal2);
arr[i] = (int) decimal1;
decimal1 = decimal2 - decimal1;
decimal.append(map.get(arr[i]));
}
return decimal.toString();
}
}