有关反射的几个基本概念
①获得反射对象
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
Class c2 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
Class c3 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
Class c4 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
//一个类中在内存中只有一个Class对象 c1,c2,c3,c4是一个对象。 一个类被加载后，类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中。
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
}
}
//实体类
class User{
private String name;
private int age;
private int id;
public User(String name, int age, int id) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.id = id;
}
public User() {
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", id=" + id +
'}';
}
}
运行结果：
②获得Class对象的三种方式
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person=new Person();
System.out.println(person.hashCode());
//方式一:通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方式二:通过类 Class.forName("包名")获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.Person");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方式三:通过 类名.class获得
Class c3 = Person.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//获得父类Class对象
Class c4=c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
}
}
class Person{
private String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Person{
}
运行结果：
③所有类型的Class对象
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1=Object.class;//类
Class c2=Comparable.class;//接口
Class c3=String[].class;//一维数组
Class c4=int[].class;//二维数组
Class c5=Override.class;//注解
Class c6= ElementType.class;//枚举
Class c7=Integer.class;//基本数据类型
Class c8=void.class;//void
Class c9=Class.class;//Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
//只要元素类型与维度一样，就是同一个Class
int a[]=new int[99];
int b[]=new int[9];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
运行结果：
④类加载内存分析
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
/**
1.加载到内存，会产生一个类对应Class对象
2.链接，链接结束后m=0;
3.初始化
<clinit>(){
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m=100;
}
*/
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a=new A();
System.out.println(A.m);
}
}
class A{
static{
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m=100;
m=10;
}
static int m=10;
public A(){
System.out.println("A类无参构造初始化");
}
}
运行结果：
⑤分析类的初始化
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
public class Test05 {
static{
System.out.println("Main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//类的主动引用一定会发生类的初始化 类的被动引用不会发生类的初始化
//主动引用① new
//Son son = new Son();
//主动引用② 反射
//Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.Son");
//被动引用① 通过子类调用父类的静态方法或者静态变量 子类不会被加载 父类会被加载
//System.out.println(Son.a);
//被动引用②
//Son array[]=new Son[5];
//被动引用③
//System.out.println(Son.M);
}
}
class Father{
static int a=1;
static{
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class Son extends Father{
static{
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m=2;
}
static int m=3;
static final int M=4;
}
⑥类加载器
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
public class Test06 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器(C/C++)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.Test06").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
// ClassLoader aClass = Class.forName("java.lang.object").getClassLoader();
// System.out.println(aClass);
//如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
/*
双亲委派机制
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\jce.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\resources.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202\jre\lib\rt.jar;
D:\workspace\Java SE\注解与反射\out\production\注解与反射;
D:\Study安装路径\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\lib\idea_rt.jar
*/
}
}
运行结果：
⑦获取类运行时的结构
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
//①获得类的名字
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得包名+类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名
//②获得类的属性
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Field[] fields1=c1.getFields();//获得类的public属性
for (Field field : fields1) {
System.out.println(field);
}
Field[] fields2=c1.getDeclaredFields();//获得类的所有属性
for (Field field : fields2) {
System.out.println(field);
}
//③获得指定属性的值
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Field name=c1.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(name);
//④获得类的方法
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Method[] method1=c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : method1) {
System.out.println(method);
}
Method[] method2=c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类所有方法
for (Method method : method2) {
System.out.println(method);
}
//⑤获得类的指定方法
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//⑥获得类的构造器
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Constructor[] constructors1 = c1.getConstructors();//public
for (Constructor constructor : constructors1) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
Constructor[] constructor2 = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();//所有
for (Constructor constructor : constructor2) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
//⑦获得指定的构造器
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
}
}
运行结果：
⑧动态创建对象执行方法
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test08 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
//①通过Class对象的newInstance()方法构造一个对象 通过此方法的前提是：①类必须有无参构造方法；②类的构造器的访问权限需要足够
User uesr1 = (User) c1.newInstance();
System.out.println(uesr1);
//②通过Class类的getDeclaredConstructor()方法构造一个对象
Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user2 = (User) declaredConstructor.newInstance("Yu", 21, 10);
System.out.println(user2);
//③通过反射调用普通方法
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);//通过反射获取一个方法
setName.invoke(user3,"Ya");//invoke(对象,"方法的值") 激活
System.out.println(user3.getName());
//④通过反射操作类的属性
User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field age = c1.getDeclaredField("age");//通过反射获得类的指定属性
age.setAccessible(true);//不能直接操作类的私有属性，如果要操作需要关闭程序的安全检测。属性或方法.setAccessible(true)
age.set(user4,21);
System.out.println(user4.getAge());
}
}
运行结果：
⑨性能对比分析
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import static java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis;
public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
public static void test01(){
User user=new User();
long startTime= currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime= currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("正常方式执行十亿次:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void test02() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
User user2=(User) c1.newInstance();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
long startTime= currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user2,null);
}
long endTime= currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式执行十亿次:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void test03() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.User");
User user2=(User) c1.newInstance();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime= currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user2,null);
}
long endTime= currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("关闭检测执行十亿次:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
}
运行结果：
⑩获取注解信息
源代码：
package cn.ecut.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Test10 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获取一个Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.ecut.reflection.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//通过反射获得指定注解的value值
TableYu tableYu = (TableYu)c1.getAnnotation(TableYu.class);//获得指定注解
String value = tableYu.value();//再通过方法获得value
System.out.println(value);//打印
//通过反射获得类属性的注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");//获得指定类的属性
FieldYu annotation = f.getAnnotation(FieldYu.class);//通过该属性获得该属性的注解
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());//获得指定注解的各值
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@TableYu("db_Student")
class Student2{
@FieldYu(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
private String name;
@FieldYu(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
private int id;
@FieldYu(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 3)
private int age;
public Student2(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public Student2() {
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableYu{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldYu{
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}
运行结果：
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