c++ primer plus 编程答案上

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分类专栏： c++ primer plus 文章标签： c++ 算法开发语言

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c++ primer plus 编程答案上

第二章
第三章
第四章
第五章
第六章

第二章

编写一个c++程序，它显示您的姓名和地址

#include<iostream>
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	cout << "my name is xxx,\nmy address is xxx" << endl;

	return 0;
}

编写一个c++程序，他要求用户输入一个以long为单位的距离，然后将她转化为为码。

#include <iostream>

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    int distance = 0, yard;
    cout << "Please input a distance numebr in the unit of Long: ";
    cin >> distance;
    yard = distance * 220;

    cout << "The distance tranform in yards is: " << yard << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个C++程序，它使用 3 个用户定义的函数（包括main()），并生成下面的输出：


Three blind mice
Three blind mice
See how they run
See how they run

其中一个函数要调用两次，该函数生成前两行；另一个函数也被调用两次，并生成其余的输出。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void blind_mice() {
    cout << "Three blind mice." << endl;
    return;
}

void how_they_run() {
    cout << "See how they run" << endl;
    return;
}

int main() {

    blind_mice();
    blind_mice();

    how_they_run();
    how_they_run();
    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，让用户输入其年龄，然后显示该年龄包含多少个月，如下所示：

Enter your age: 29

#include <iostream>

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    int years, months;
    cout << "Enter your age: ";
    cin >> years;

    months = years * 12;
    cout << years << " years is " << months << " monthes." << endl;  
    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，其中的main( )调用一个用户定义的函数（以摄氏温度值为参数，并返回相应的华氏温度值）。该程序按下面的格式要求用户输入摄氏温度值，并显示结果：

Please enter a Celsius value: 20

20 degrees Celsius is 68 degrees Fahrenheit.

转换公式：华氏温度 = 1.8×摄氏温度 + 32.0

#include <iostream>


double celsiu2fahrenit(double celsius) {
    return 1.8 * celsius + 32.0;
}

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    double celsius;
    cout << "Please enter a celsius value: ";
    cin >> celsius;

    cout << celsius << " degrees Celsius is " 
         << celsiu2fahrenit(celsius) << " degrees Fahrenheit." << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，其main( )调用一个用户定义的函数（以光年值为参数，并返回对应天文单位的值）。该程序按下面的格式要求用户输入光年值，并显示结果：

Enter the number of light years: 4.2

4.2 light years = 265608 astromonical units.

天文单位是从地球到太阳的平均距离（约150000000公里或93000000英里），光年是光一年走的距离（约10万亿公里或6万亿英里）（除太阳外，最近的恒星大约离地球4.2光年）。请使用double类型，转换公式为：1光年=63240天文单位.

#include <iostream>

double light_years2astromonical_unit(double light_years) {

    return light_years * 63240;
}


int main() {

    using namespace std;

    double light_years;
    cout << "nter the number of light years: ";
    cin >> light_years;

    cout << light_years 
         << " light years = " 
         << light_years2astromonical_unit(light_years)
         << " astromonical units." << endl;

    return 0;
}

7.编写一个程序，要求用户输入小时数和分钟数。在 main() 函数中，将这两个值传递给一个void函数，后者以下面这样的格式显示这两个值：

Enter the number of hours: 9
Enter the number of minutes: 28

Time: 9:28

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


void display_time(double hours, double minutes) {

    cout << "Time: " << hours << ":" << minutes << endl;

}

int main() {    

    double hours, minutes;
    cout << "Enter the number of hours: ";
    cin >> hours;

    cout << "Enter the number of minutes: ";
    cin >> minutes;

    display_time(hours, minutes);

    return 0;
}

第三章

编写一个小程序，要求用户使用一个整数指出自己的身高（单位为英寸），然后将身高转换为英尺和英寸。该程序使用下划线字符来指示输入位置。另外，使用一个const符号常量来表示转换因子。

#include <iostream>

const int Foot2inch = 12;

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    int input_height = 0;
    cout << "Please input you height in inch: __\b\b";
    cin >> input_height;

    int height_foot = input_height / Foot2inch;
    int height_inch = input_height % Foot2inch;

    cout << "Your height in inch is: " << input_height 
         << "; transforming in foot and inch is: " 
         << height_foot << " foot "
         << height_inch << " inch." << endl;

    return 0;
}

 编写一个小程序，要求以几英尺几英寸的方式输入其身高，并以磅为单位输入其体重。（使用3个变量来存储这些信息。）该程序报告其BMI（Body Mass Index，体重指数）。为了计算BMI，该程序以英寸的方式指出用户的身高（1英尺为12英寸），并将以英寸为单位的身 高转换为以米为单位的身高（1英寸=0.0254米）。然后，将以磅为单位 的体重转换为以千克为单位的体重（1千克=2.2磅）。最后，计算相应的BMI—体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方。用符号常量表示各种转 换因子。


#include <iostream>

const int Foot2Inch = 12;
const double Inch2Meter = 0.0254;
const double Kg2Pound = 2.2;

double BMI(double weight, double height) {

    return weight/(height*height);
}

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    double height_foot = 0;
    double height_inch = 0;
    double weight_pound = 0;

    cout << "Please enter your height in foot and Inch2Meter." << endl;
    cout << "Enter the foot of height: __\b\b";
    cin >> height_foot;

    cout << "Enter the inch of height: __\b\b";
    cin >> height_inch;

    cout << "Please enter your weight in pound: __\b\b";
    cin >> weight_pound;

    double height_meter = (height_foot * Foot2Inch + height_inch) * Inch2Meter;
    double weight_kg = weight_pound / Kg2Pound;
    double bmi = BMI(weight_kg, height_meter);

    cout << "Your BMI is: " << bmi << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，要求用户以度、分、秒的方式输入一个纬度，然后以度为单位显示该纬度。1度为60分，1分等于60秒，请以符号常量的方式表示这些值。对于每个输入值，应使用一个独立的变量存储它。下面是该程序运行时的情况：


#include <iostream>

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    double degree, minutes, seconds;

    cout << "Enter a latitude in degree, minutes and seconds." << endl;
    cout << "First, enter the degree: ";
    cin >> degree;

    cout << "Next, enter the minutes of arc: ";
    cin >> minutes;

    cout << "Finally, enter the seconds of arc: ";
    cin >> seconds;

    double degree2 = degree + minutes/60 + seconds/3600;
    cout << degree << " degrees, " << minutes << " minutes, "
         << seconds << " seconds = " << degree2 << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，要求用户以整数方式输入秒数（使用long或long long变量存储），然后以天、小时、分钟和秒的方式显示这段时间。使用符号常量来表示每天有多少小时、每小时有多少分钟以及每分钟有多少秒。该程序的输出应与下面类似：

Enter the number of seconds: 31600000
31600000 seconds = 365 days, 17 hours, 46 minutes, 40 seconds.

#include <iostream>

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    long total_seconds;

    cout << "Enter the number of seconds: ";
    cin >> total_seconds;

    int days = total_seconds / 86400;
    int hours = (total_seconds % 86400) / 3600;
    int minutes = ((total_seconds % 86400) % 3600) / 60;
    int seconds = ((total_seconds % 86400) % 3600) % 60;

    cout << total_seconds << "seconds = " 
         << days << " days, " 
         << hours << " hours, "
         << minutes << " minutes, "
         << seconds << " seconds." << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，要求用户输入全球当前的人口和中国当前的人口（或其他国家的人口）。将这些信息存储在long long变量中，并让程序显示中国（或其他国家）的人口占全球人口的百分比。该程序的输出应与下面类似：

Enter the world's population: 7850176700
Enther the population of China: 1411780000
The population of the China is 17.9841% of the world population.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    long long population_world, population_China;
    cout << "Enter the world's population: ";
    cin >> population_world;
    cout << "Enter the population of China: ";
    cin >> population_China;

    double rate = double(population_China)/population_world;
    cout << "The population of the China is " << rate * 100
         << "% of the world population." << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，要求用户输入驱车里程（英里）和使用汽油量（加仑），然后指出汽车耗油量为一加仑的里程。如果愿意，也可以让程序要求用户以公里为单位输入距离，并以升为单位输入汽油量，然后指出欧洲风格的结果—即每100公里的耗油量（升）。

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    double kilometer, oil_liter;

    cout << "Enter the distance that you've dirver in kilometer: ";
    cin >> kilometer;

    cout << "Enter the comsumption of oil: ";
    cin >> oil_liter;

    double kilometer_per_liter = kilometer / oil_liter;
    cout << "The average fuel comsumption is " 
         << 100 / kilometer_per_liter << " L/100km" << endl;
}

编写一个程序，要求用户按欧洲风格输入汽车的耗油量（每100公里消耗的汽油量（升）），然后将其转换为美国风格的耗油量—每加仑多少英里。

注意，除了使用不同的单位计量外，美国方法（距离/燃
料）与欧洲方法（燃料/距离）相反。100公里等于62.14英里，1加仑等于3.875升。因此，19mpg大约合12.4l/100km，27mpg大约合
8.71/100km。

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    const double Km2Mile = 0.6214;
    const double Gallon2Litre = 3.875;

    double fuel_comsuption_en = 0.0;
    cout << "Enter the fuel comsuption in European standard: ";
    cin >> fuel_comsuption_en;

    double fuel_comsuption_us = (100 * Km2Mile) / (fuel_comsuption_en/Gallon2Litre);
    cout << "The fuel comsuption in US standard is " << fuel_comsuption_us 
         << " Miles/Gallon (mpg)." << endl;  

    return 0;
}

第四章

题：编写一个程序，如下输出实例所示的请求并显示信息：

What is your first name? Betty Sue
Waht is your last name? Yewe
What letter grade do you deserve? B 
What is your age? 22

Name: Yewe, Betty Sue
Grade: C 
Age: 22

程序应接受的名字包含多个单词。另外，程序将向下调整成绩。假设用户请求A、B或C，返回 B、C 或 D。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

int main() {
	using namespace std;
	char first_name[40];
	char last_name[40];
	char grade_letter;
	int age;

	cout << "What is your first name: ";
	cin.getline(first_name, 40);

	cout << "What is your last name: ";
	cin.getline(last_name, 40);

	cout << "What letter grade do you deserve: ";
	cin >> grade_letter;

	cout << "What is your age: ";
	cin >> age;

	cout << "Name: " << last_name << ", " << first_name << endl;
	cout << "Grade: " << char(grade_letter + 1) << endl;
	cout << "Age:" << age << endl;
	

	return 0;
}

题：修改程序清单4.4，使用 C++ string 类而不是 char 数组。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

int main() {
	using namespace std;

	string name;
	string dessert;

	cout << "Enter your name:" << endl;
	getline(cin, name);

	cout << "Enter your favorite dessert" << endl;
	getline(cin, dessert);

	cout << "I have delicious " << dessert;
	cout << " for you, " << name << "." << endl;

	return 0;
}

编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，然后输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：

Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here's the information in a single string: Fleming, Flip

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>


int main() {
	using namespace std;

	char first_name[20], last_name[20];
	char final_name[50];

	cout << "Enter your last_name:";
	cin.getline(last_name, 20);

	cout << "Enter your first_name:";
	cin.getline(first_name, 20);

	strcpy(final_name, last_name);
	strcat(final_name, ",");
	strcat(final_name, first_name);

	cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << final_name << endl;

	return 0;
}

编写一个程序，它要求用户首先输入其名，再输入其姓；然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来，并存储和显示组合结果。请使用string对象和头文件string中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形：

Enter your first name: Flip
Enter your last name: Fleming
Here's the information in a single string: Fleming, Flip

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

int main() {
	using namespace std;

	string first_name, last_name;
	string final_name;

	cout << "Enter your first name" << endl;
	getline(cin, first_name);

	cout << "Enter your last name" << endl;
	getline(cin, last_name);

	final_name = last_name + "," + first_name;
	cout << "Here's the information in a single string: " << final_name << endl;


	return 0;
}

结构体 CandyBar 包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌；第二个成员存储糖块的重量（可以有小数）；第三个成员存储了糖块的卡路里含量（整数）。编写一个程序，声明这个结构体，创建一个名为 snack 的 CandyBar 变量，并将其成员分别初始化为 “Mocha Munch”、2.3 和 350。初始化应在声明 snack 时进行。最后，程序显示 snack 变量的内容。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct CandyBar
{
    std::string name;
    double weight;
    int calories;
};


int main() {
    using namespace std;

    CandyBar snack = { "Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350 };  // 初始化结构体

    cout << "The name of the CandyBar: " << snack.name << endl;
    cout << "The weight of the candy: " << snack.weight << endl;
    cout << "The calories information: " << snack.calories << endl;

    return 0;
}

结构体 CandyBar 包含3个成员，如编程练习5所示。请编写一个程序，创建一个包含 3 个元素的 CandyBar 数组，并将它们初始化为所选择的值，然后显示每个结构体的内容。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct CandyBar
{
    std::string name;
    double weight;
    int calories;
};


int main() {

    using namespace std;

    CandyBar candbar[3] = {
        {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350},
        {"Big Rabbit", 5, 300},
        {"Joy Boy", 4.1, 430}
    };

    cout << "The name of the CandyBar: " << candbar[0].name << endl;
         << "The weight of the candy: " << candbar[0].weight << endl;
         << "The calories information: " << candbar[0].calories << endl<<endl;

    cout << "The name of the CandyBar: " << candbar[1].name << endl;
         << "The weight of the candy: " << candbar[1].weight << endl;
         << "The calories information: " << candbar[1].calories << endl<<endl;

    cout << "The name of the CandyBar: " << candbar[2].name << endl;
         << "The weight of the candy: " << candbar[2].weight << endl;
         << "The calories information: " << candbar[2].calories << endl;

    return 0;
}

William Wingate从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼，他都需要记录下列信息：

披萨饼公司的名称，可以有多个单词组成；
披萨饼的直径；
披萨饼的重量。
请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构体，并编写一个使用这种结构体变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。请使用 cin（或其它的方法）和cout。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Pizza
{
    std::string company;
    double diameter;
    double weight;
    
};

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    Pizza pizza;
    cout << "Enter the pizza company: ";
    getline(cin, pizza.company);

    cout << "Enter the diameter of pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza.diameter;

    cout << "Enter the weight of pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza.weight;

    cout << "\nHere is the pizza information: "<<endl
         << "Company: " << pizza.company << endl
         << "Diameter: " << pizza.diameter << endl
         << "Weight: " << pizza.weight << endl;

    return 0;
}

完成编程练习7，但使用 new 来为结构体分配内存，而不是声明一个结构体变量。另外，让程序在请求输入比萨饼公司名称之前输入比萨饼的直径。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Pizza
{
    std::string company;
    double diameter;
    double weight;
};

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    Pizza* pizza = new Pizza;

    cout << "Enter the diameter of pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza->diameter;

    cout << "Enter the weight of pizza: ";
    cin >> pizza->weight;

    cin.get();

    cout << "Enter the pizza company: ";
    getline(cin, pizza->company);

    cout << endl<<"Here is the pizza information: "<<endl
        << "Company: " << pizza->company << endl
        << "Diameter: " << pizza->diameter << endl
        << "Weight: " << pizza->weight << endl;

    delete pizza;

    return 0;
}

完成编程练习6，但使用 new 来动态分配数组，而不是声明一个包含 3 个元素的 CandyBar 数组。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct CandyBar
{
    std::string name;
    double weight;
    int calories;
};


int main() {

    using namespace std;

    CandyBar *p_candybar = new CandyBar [3] {
        {"Mocha Munch", 2.3, 350},
        {"Big Rabbit", 5, 300},
        {"Joy Boy", 4.1, 430}
    };

    // 输出第一个结构体元素，按照数组的方式输出
    cout << "The name of the CandyBar: " << p_candybar[0].name << endl
         << "The weight of the candy: " << p_candybar[0].weight << endl
         << "The calories information: " << p_candybar[0].calories << endl<<endl;

    // 输出第二个结构体元素，可以按照指针的逻辑输出
    cout << "The name of the CandyBar: " << (p_candybar+1)->name << endl
         << "The weight of the candy: " << (p_candybar+1)->weight << endl
         << "The calories information: " << (p_candybar+1)->calories << endl<<endl;

    // 输出第三个结构体元素，又是数据的方式
    cout << "The name of the CandyBar: " << p_candybar[2].name << endl
         << "The weight of the candy: " << p_candybar[2].weight << endl
         << "The calories information: " << p_candybar[2].calories << endl;

    delete [] p_candybar;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，让用户输入三次 40 码跑的成绩（如果您愿意，也可让用户输入40米跑的成绩），并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个 array对象来存储数据（如果编译器不支持 array 类，请使用数组）。

#include <iostream>
#include <array>

int main() {

    using namespace std;

    array<double, 3> result;

    cout << "Enter threed result of the 40 meters runing time: \n";
    cin >> result[0];
    cin >> result[1];
    cin >> result[2];

    double ave_result = (result[0] + result[1] + result[2]) / 3;
    cout << "The all three time results are: " << result[0] << ", "
         << result[1] << ", " << result[2] << endl;

    cout << "The average result: " << ave_result << endl;

    return 0;
}

第五章

编写一个要求用户输入两个整数的程序。该程序将计算并输出这两个整数之间（包括这两个整数）所有整数的和。这里假设先输入较小的整数。例如，用户输入的是2和9，则程序将指出2～9之间所有整数的和为44。

#include<iostream>
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	int number1, number2;

	cout << "Enter the first number: ";
	cin >> number1;

	cout << "Enter the second number: ";
	cin >> number2;

	if (number1 > number2) {
		int tmp;
		tmp = number1;
		number2 = number1;
		number1 = tmp;
	}
	int s = 0;
	for (int num = number1; num < number2 + 1; ++num)
		s += num;

	cout << "Sum the number from " << number1 << " to " << number2
		<< ", sum = " << s << endl;

	return 0;
}

使用 array 对象（而不是数组）和 long double（而不是 long long）重新编写程序清单5.4，并计算 100! 的值。

#include<iostream>
#include<array>

const int ar_size = 101;
int main() {
	using namespace std;

	array<long double, ar_size> factorials;
	factorials[0] = factorials[1] = 1;
	for (int i = 2; i < ar_size; ++i) {
		factorials[i] = factorials[i - 1] * i;
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < ar_size ; ++i) {
		cout << i << "! = " << factorials[i] << endl;
	}
	cout << endl;

	return 0;
}

编写一个要求用户输入数字的程序。每次输入后，程序都将报告到目前为止，所有输入的累计和。当用户输入 0 时，程序结束。

#include<iostream>
int main() {
	using namespace std;

	double s =0 ;
	double ch;

	while (1) {
		cout << "Enter a number (int/double) (0 to exit) : ";
		cin >> ch;

		if (ch == 0)
			break;
	s += ch;
	cout << "Until now, the sum of the number you inputed is: "
		<< s << endl;

	}
	
	return 0;
}

Daphne以10%的单利投资了100美元。也就是说，每一年的利润都是投资额的10%，即每年10美元。而Cleo以5%的复利投资了100美元。也就是说，利息是当前存款（包括获得的利息）的5%，Cleo在第一年投资100美元的盈利是5%—得到了105美元。下一年的盈利是105美元的5%—即5.25美元，依此类推。请编写一个程序，计算多少年后，Cleo的投资价值才能超过Daphne的投资价值，并显示此时两个人的投资价值。

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    double daphne_account = 100;
    double cleo_account = 100;

    int year = 0;
    while (cleo_account <= daphne_account) {
        ++year;

        daphne_account += 10;
        cleo_account += cleo_account * 0.05;
    }

    cout << "After " << year << " Years. " 
         << "Cleo's account is " << cleo_account
         << " while more than the one of Daphne which is " 
         << daphne_account << "." << endl;

    return 0;
}

假设要销售《C++ For Fools》一书。请编写一个程序，输入全年中每个月的销售量（图书数量，而不是销售额）。程序通过循环，使用初始化为月份字符串的 char * 数组（或 string 对象数组）逐月进行提示，并将输入的数据储存在一个int数组中。然后，程序计算数组中各元素的总数，并报告这一年的销售情况。


#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    string months[12] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", 
                         "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", 
                         "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
    int sell[12];
    int total_sales = 0;

    cout << "Enter the sales of book <<C++ for Fools>> each month." << endl;
    for (int i=0; i < 12; ++i) {

        cout << months[i] << ":";
        cin >> sell[i];

        total_sales += sell[i];
    }

    cout << "\nThe total sales is " << total_sales << endl;
    for (int i=0; i < 12; ++i) {

        cout << months[i] << ": " << sell[i] << endl;
    }


    return 0;
}

完成编程练习5，但这一次使用一个二维数组来存储输入——3年中每个月的销售量。程序将报告每年销售量以及三年的总销售量。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>


int main() {
    using namespace std;

    string months[12] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", 
                         "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", 
                         "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
    int sells[3][12];
    int total_sales[3] = {0, 0, 0};

    for (int i=0; i<3; ++i) {

        cout << "Enter " << i+1 << " year(s) sales of book <<C++ for Fools>> each month." << endl;
        for (int j=0; j<12; ++j) {
            cout << months[j] << ": ";
            cin >> sells[i][j];

            total_sales[i] += sells[i][j];

        }
    }

    for (int i=0; i<3; ++i) {
        cout << i+1 << " year(s) total sales is " 
             << total_sales[i] << endl;
    }

    cout << "There years total sales is " 
         << total_sales[0] + total_sales[1] + total_sales[2] << endl;

    return 0;
}

设计一个名为 car 的结构体，用它存储下述有关汽车的信息：生产商（存储在字符数组或 string 对象中的字符串）、生产年份（整数）。编写一个程序，向用户询问有多少辆汽车。随后，程序使用new来创建一个由相应数量的 car 结构体组成的动态数组。接下来，程序提示用户输入每辆车的生产商（可能由多个单词组成）和年份信息。请注意，这需要特别小心，因为它将交替读取数值和字符串（参见第4章）。最后，程序将显示每个结构的内容。该程序的运行情况如下:

How many cars do you wish to catalog? 2 Car #1: Please enter the
maker: Hudson Hornet Please enter the year made: 1952 Car #2: Please
enter the maker: Kaiser Please enter the year made: 1951 Here is your
collection: 1952 Hudson Hornet 1951 Kaiser


#include <iostream>
#include <string>


int main() {
    using namespace std;

    struct Car {
        string company;
        int year;  
    };

    int car_num = 0;
    cout << "How many cars do you wish to catalog? ";
    cin >> car_num;
    cin.get()  // 读取输入流末尾的回车

    Car *cars = new Car[car_num];
    for (int i=0; i < car_num; ++i) {
        cout << "Please enter the maker: ";
        cin >> (cars+i)->company;

        cout << "Please enter the year made: ";
        cin >> (cars+i)->year;
    }

    cout << "\nHere is your collection: \n";
    for (int i=0; i < car_num; ++i) {
        cout << cars[i].year << " " << cars[i].company << endl;
    }

    delete [] cars;
    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，它使用一个 char数组和循环，每次读取一个单词，直到用户输入 done 为止。随后，该程序指出用户输入了多少个单词（不包括done在内）。下面是该程序的运行情况：

Enter words (type ‘done’ to stop): anteater birthday category dumpster
envy finagle genometry done for sure

You entered a total of 7 words.

您应在程序中包含头文件 cstring，并使用函数 strcmp() 来进行比较测试。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    int word_count = 0;
    char ch[80];
    cout << "Enter a word (type 'done' to stop the program.): \n";
    do {
        cin >> ch;

        if (strcmp(ch, "done") != 0) {
            word_count++;
        }

    } while (strcmp(ch, "done") != 0);

    cout << "\nYou entered a total of " << word_count << " words." << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个满足前一个练习中描述的程序，但使用 string 对象而不是字符数组。请在程序中包含头文件 string，并使用关系运算符来进行比较测试。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    int word_count = 0;
    string ch;
    cout << "Enter a word (type 'done' to stop the program.): \n";
    do {
        cin >> ch;

        if (ch != "done") {
            word_count++;
        }

    } while (ch != "done");

    cout << "\nYou entered a total of " << word_count << " words." << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个使用嵌套循环的程序，要求用户输入一个值，指出要显示多少行。然后，程序将显示相应行数的星号，其中第一行包括一个星号，第二行包括两个星号，依此类推。每一行包含的字符数等于用户指定的行数，在星号不够的情况下，在星号前面加上句点。该程序的运行情况如下：

Enter number of rows: 5 Output: …* …** …*** .****


#include <iostream>

int main() {

    using namespace std;
    int line_num = 0;

    cout << "Enter the number of rows: ";
    cin >> line_num;

    cout << "Output:" << endl;
    for (int i = line_num; i > 0; --i) {

        for (int j = i-1; j > 0; --j) {
            cout << ".";
        }
        for (int j = line_num - (i-1); j > 0; --j) {
            cout << "*";
        }
        cout << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

第六章

编写一个程序，读取键盘输入，直到遇到 @符号为止，并回显输入（数字除外），同时将大写字符转换为小写，将小写字符转换为大写（别忘了cctype函数系列）。

#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>


int main() {
    using namespace std;
    char ch;

    cout << "Enter any charater: ";
    while ((ch=cin.get()) != '@') {

        if (isdigit(ch)) {
            continue;
        } else if (islower(ch)) {
            ch = toupper(ch);
        } else if (isupper(ch)) {
            ch = tolower(ch);
        }

        cout << ch;

    }

    cout << endl<<"That's all!" << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，最多将10个 donation 值读入到一个 double 数组中（如果您愿意，也可使用模板类 array ）。程序遇到非数字输入时将结束输入，并报告这些数字的平均值以及数组中有多少个数字大于平均值。

#include <iostream>
#include <array>


int main() {
    using namespace std;
    
    const unsigned int size = 10;
    array<double, size> donation;

    double sum_value = 0;
    unsigned int large_avg = 0, n = 0;

    cout << "Enter 10 double value or type non-digital value to exit: ";
    while ((n < size) && (cin >> donation[n])) {
        
        sum_value += donation[n];
        ++n;
    }

    double avg = sum_value / n;
    for (int i=0; i < n; i++) {

        if (donation[i]>avg)
            ++large_avg;
    }

    cout << "The average value is: " << avg
         << ", there are " << large_avg
         << " larger than average value." << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个菜单驱动程序的雏形。该程序显示一个提供4个选项的菜单——每个选项用一个字母标记。如果用户使用有效选项之外的字母进行响应，程序将提示用户输入一个有效的字母，直到用户这样做为止。然后，该程序使用一条 switch 语句，根据用户的选择执行一个简单操作。该程序的运行情况如下：

Please enter one of the following choices:

c) carnivore    p) pianist
t) tree         g) game
f

Please enter a c, p, t, or g: q
A maple is a tree.

#include <iostream>

int main() {

    using namespace std;
    cout << "Please enter one of the following choice: \n";
    cout << "c) carnivore\tp) pianist.\n"
         << "t) tree\tg) game" << endl;

    bool exit = false;
    char c;
    while (!exit && (cin >> c)) {

        switch (c) {
            case 'c': 
                cout << "Tiger is a carnivore." << endl;
                exit = true;
                break;
            case 'p':
                cout << "Mozart is a great pianst." << endl;
                exit = true;
                break;
            case 't':
                cout << "A maple is a tree." << endl;
                exit = true;
                break;
            case 'g':
                cout << "Supper Mario is a great game." << endl;
                exit = true;
                break;

            default:
                cout << "Please enter c, p, t, or g: q" << endl;
                break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

加入 Benevolent Order of Programmer 后，在BOP大会上，人们便可以通过加入者的真实姓名、头衔或秘密BOP姓名来了解他（她）。请编写一个程序，可以使用真实姓名、头衔、秘密姓名或成员偏好来列出成员。编写该程序时，请使用下面的结构：

// Benevolent order of programmers strcture

struct bop {
    char fullname[strsize]; // real name
    char title[strsize];    // job title
    char bopname[strsize];  // secret BOP name
    int preference;         // 0 = fullname, 1 = title, 2 = bopname
};

该程序创建一个有上述结构体组成的小型数组，并将其初始化为适当的值。另外，该程序使用一个循环，让用户在下面的选项中进行选择：

a. display by name     b. display by title
c. display by bopname  d. display by preference
q. quit

注意，display by preference 并不意味着显示成员的偏好，而是意味着根据成员的偏好来列出成员。例如，如果偏好号为 1，则选择 d 将显示成员的头衔。该程序的运行情况如下：

Benevolent order of Programmers report.

a. display by name     b. display by title
c. display by bopname  d. display by preference
q. quit

Enter your choices: a
Wimp Macho
Raki Rhodes
Celia Laiter
Hoppy Hipman
Pat Hand

Next choice： d   
Wimp Macho
Junior Programmer
MIPS
Analyst Trainee
LOOPY

Next choice: q
Bye!

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int strsize = 50;
struct bop {
	char fname[strsize];
	char title[strsize];
	char bopname[strsize];
	int pre;
};
int main() {
	bop info[5] = {
		{"Wimp Macho", "W", "Wimp", 0},
		{"Raki Rhodes", "R", "Raki", 1},
		{"Celia Laiter", "C", "Celia", 2},
		{"Hoppy Hipman", "H", "Hoppy", 0},
		{"Pat Hand", "P", "Pat", 1} };
	char choice;
	cout << "benevolent order of progeammers report\n"
		<< "a)display by name  b)display by title\n"
		<< "c)display by bopname  d)display by preference\n"
		<< "q)quit\n";
	cout << "enter ur choice:";
	cin >> choice;
	while (choice != 'q') {
		switch (choice) {
		case 'a':
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
				cout << info[i].fname << endl;
			break;
		case 'b':
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
				cout << info[i].title << endl;
			break;
		case 'c':
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
				cout << info[i].bopname << endl;
			break;
		case 'd': {
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
				switch (info[i].pre) {
				case 0:
					cout << info[i].fname << endl;
					break;
				case 1:
					cout << info[i].title << endl;
					break;
				case 2:
					cout << info[i].bopname << endl;
					break;
				}
			}
		}break;
		}
		cout << "next choice:\n";
		cin >> choice;
	}
	cout << "Bye!";
	return 0;
}

在 Neutronia 王国，货币单位是 tvarp，收入所得税的计算方式如下：

5000 tvarps：不收税;
5001～15000 tvarps：10%;
15001～35000 tvarps：15%;
35000 tvarps以上：20%;

例如，收入为 38000 tvarps 时，所得税为 5000 * 0.00 + 10000 * 0.10 + 20000 * 0.15 + 3000 * 0.20，即 4600 tvarps。请编写一个程序，使用循环来要求用户输入收入，并报告所得税。当用户输入负数或非数字时，循环将结束。

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    const double tax_rate1 = 0.1;
    const double tax_rate2 = 0.15;
    const double tax_rate3 = 0.20;

    double income = 0.0, tax = 0.0;
    cout << "Please enter your income: ";
    while ((cin >> income) && (income > 0)) {

        if (income <= 5000) {
            tax = 0.0;
        } else if (income <= 15000 ) {

            tax = (income - 5000) * tax_rate1;
        } else if (income <= 35000) {

            tax = (15000 - 5000) * tax_rate1 + (income - 15000) * tax_rate2;
        } else {
            tax = (15000 - 5000) * tax_rate1 + (35000 - 15000) * tax_rate2 + (income - 35000) * tax_rate3;
        }

        cout << "Income = " << income << ", tax = " << tax << endl;
        cout << "Please enter your income again or enter a negative value to quit: ";
    }

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，记录捐助给 “维护合法权利团体” 的资金。该程序要求用户输入捐献者数目，然后要求用户输入每一个捐献者的姓名和款项。这些信息被储存在一个动态分配的结构体数组中。每个结构体有两个成员：用来储存姓名的字符数组（或 string对象）和用来存储款项的 double成员。读取所有的数据后，程序将显示所有捐款超过 10000 的捐款者的姓名及其捐款数额。

该列表前应包含一个标题，指出下面的捐款者是重要捐款人 Grand Patrons。然后，程序将列出其他的捐款者，该列表要以 Patrons 开头。如果某种类别没有捐款者，则程序将打印单词 none。该程序只显示这两种类别，而不进行排序。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>


int main() {

    using namespace std;

    const int Grand_Amount = 10000; 

    struct Patron {
        string name;
        double amount;
    };

    int contribute_num = 0;
    cout << "Enter the number of contributor: ";
    cin >> contribute_num;
    cin.get();  // 读取输入流中的回车符

    Patron *p_contribution = new Patron [contribute_num];
    for (int i = 0; i < contribute_num; ++i) {
        cout << "Enter the name of " << i + 1 << " contributor: ";
        getline(cin, p_contribution[i].name);

        cout << "Enter the amount of donation: ";
        cin >> p_contribution[i].amount;
        cin.get();  // 读取输入流中的回车符
    }

    unsigned int grand_amount_n = 0;
    cout << "\nGrand patron: " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < contribute_num; ++i) {

        if (p_contribution[i].amount > Grand_Amount) {
            cout << "Contributor name: " << p_contribution[i].name << "\n"
                 << "Contributor amount: " << p_contribution[i].amount << endl;
            ++grand_amount_n;
        }
    }

    if (grand_amount_n == 0) {
        cout << "None" << endl;
    }

    bool is_empty = true;
    cout << "\nPatrons: " << endl;
    for (int i=0; i < contribute_num; ++i) {
        cout << "Contributor name: " << p_contribution[i].name << "\n"
             << "Contributor amount: " << p_contribution[i].amount << endl;

        is_empty = false;
    }

    if (is_empty) {
        cout << "** None **" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，它每次读取一个单词，直到用户输入 q。然后，该程序指出有多少个单词以元音打头，有多少个单词以辅音打头，还有多少个单词不属于这两类。为此，方法之一是，使用 isalpha() 来区分以字母和其他字符打头的单词，然后对于通过了 isalpha() 测试的单词，使用 if 或 switch 语句来确定哪些以元音打头。

该程序的运行情况如下：

Enter words (q to quit):
The 12 awesome oxen ambled
quietly across 15 meters of lawn. q

5 words beginning with vowels
4 words beginning with consonants
2 others

#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
#include <string>


int main() {

    using namespace std;

    unsigned int vowels = 0;
    unsigned int consonants = 0;
    unsigned int other = 0;
    string input;

    cout << "Enter words (q to quit): " << endl;
    while (cin >> input) {
        if (input == "q")
            break;

        if (isalpha(input[0])) {
            switch(toupper(input[0])) {

                case 'A':;
                case 'E':;
                case 'I':;
                case 'O':;
                case 'U':
                    ++vowels;
                    break;

                default:
                    ++consonants;
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            ++other;
        }
    }

    cout << vowels << " words beginning with vowels.\n"
         << consonants << " words beginning with consonants.\n"
         << other << " words beginning with other letter." << endl;

    return 0;
}

编写一个程序，它打开一个文件文件，逐个字符地读取该文件，直到到达文件末尾，然后指出该文件中包含多少个字符。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>


int main() {
    using namespace std;

    string fn;
    ifstream in_file_handle;

    unsigned int n = 0;
    char ch;

    cout << "Enter a file name: ";
    getline(cin, fn);

    in_file_handle.open(fn.c_str());
    while ((ch = in_file_handle.get()) != EOF) {
        ++n;
    }
    in_file_handle.close();

    cout << "There are " << n << " characters in " 
         << fn << " file." << endl;

    return 0;
}

完成编程练习6，但从文件中读取所需的信息。该文件的第一项应为捐款人数，余下的内容应为成对的行。在每一对中，第一行为捐款人姓名，第二行为捐款数额。即该文件类似于下面：

4 Sam Stone
2000
Freida Flass
100500
Tammy Tubbs
5000
Rich Raptor
55000

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>


int main() {

    using namespace std;
    const int Grand_Amount = 10000;
    string file_name; 
    ifstream in_file_handle;

    struct Patron {
        string name;
        double amount;
    };

    int contribute_num = 0;
    cout << "Enter a file name: ";

    getline(cin, file_name);
    in_file_handle.open(file_name.c_str());
    in_file_handle >> contribute_num;
    in_file_handle.get();  // 读取空白

    Patron *p_contribution = new Patron [contribute_num];
    for (int i = 0; i < contribute_num; ++i) {
        /*
         * 4 Sam Stone
         * 2000
         * Freida Flass
         * 100500
         * Tammy Tubbs
         * 5000
         * Rich Raptor
         * 55000
         *
         */
        getline(in_file_handle, p_contribution[i].name);
        in_file_handle >> p_contribution[i].amount;
        in_file_handle.get();   // 读掉空白(包括滞留在行末的回车符)
    }
    in_file_handle.close();

    unsigned int grand_amount_n = 0;
    cout << "\nGrand patron: " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < contribute_num; ++i) {

        if (p_contribution[i].amount > Grand_Amount) {
            cout << "Contributor name: " << p_contribution[i].name << "\n"
                 << "Contributor amount: " << p_contribution[i].amount << endl;
            ++grand_amount_n;
        }
    }

    if (grand_amount_n == 0) {
        cout << "None" << endl;
    }

    bool is_empty = true;
    cout << "\nPatrons: " << endl;
    for (int i=0; i < contribute_num; ++i) {
        cout << "Contributor name: " << p_contribution[i].name << "\n"
             << "Contributor amount: " << p_contribution[i].amount << endl;

        is_empty = false;
    }

    if (is_empty) {
        cout << "** None **" << endl;
    }

    delete [] p_contribution;
    return 0;
}

不好，商鞅要跑

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c++ primer plus 编程答案上

天文单位是从地球到太阳的平均距离（约150000000公里或93000000英里），光年是光一年走的距离（约10万亿公里或6万亿英里）（除太阳外，最近的恒星大约离地球4.2光年）。请使用double类型，转换公式为：1光年=63240天文单位.7.编写一个程序，要求用户输入小时数和分钟数。其中一个函数要调用两次，该函数生成前两行；另一个函数也被调用两次，并生成其余的输出。转换公式：华氏温度 = 1.8×摄氏温度 + 32.0。
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