常用命令
| hbase | shell命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
create | 创建表 | < create ‘表名’, ‘列族名’, ‘列族名2’,‘列族名N’ > |
| list | 查看所有表 | < list all > |
describe | 显示表详细信息 | < describe ‘表名’ > |
| exists | 判断表是否存在 | < exists ‘表名’ > |
enable | 使表有效 | < enable ‘表名’ > |
| disable | 使表无效 | < disable ‘表名’ > |
is_enabled | 判断是否启动表 | < is_enabled ‘表名’ > |
| is_disabled | 判断是否禁用表 | < is_disabled ‘表名’ > |
count | 统计表中行的数量 | < count ‘表名’ > |
| put | 添加记录 | < put ‘表名’, ‘row key’, ‘列族1 : 列’, ‘值’ > |
get | 获取记录(row key下所有) | < get ‘表名’, ‘row key’> |
| get | 获取记录(某个列族) | < get ‘表名’, ‘row key’, ‘列族’> |
get | 获取记录(某个列) | < get ‘表名’,‘row key’,‘列族:列’ > |
| delete | 删除记录 | < delete ‘表名’, ‘row key’, ‘列族:列’ > |
deleteall | 删除整行 | < deleteall ‘表名’,‘row key’> |
| drop | 删除表 | <disable ‘表名’> < drop ‘表名’> |
alter | 修改列族（column family） | |
| incr | 增加指定表，行或列的值 | |
truncate | 清空表 | 逻辑为先删除后创建 <truncate ‘表明’> |
| scan | 通过对表的扫描来获取对用的值 | <scan ‘表名’> |
tools | 列出hbase所支持的工具 | |
| status | 返回hbase集群的状态信息 | |
version | 返回hbase版本信息 | |
| exit | 退出hbase shell | |
shutdown | 关闭hbase集群 | |
| count | 查询表中有多少行 | |
truncate | 清空整个表的数据truncate |
详细操作
- 登录 -
hbase shell
[root@hadoop01 bin]# hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/app/hbase-1.3.1/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/app/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 1.3.1, r930b9a55528fe45d8edce7af42fef2d35e77677a, Thu Apr 6 19:36:54 PDT 2017
- 查询 -
help
hbase(main):001:0> help
HBase Shell, version 1.3.1, r930b9a55528fe45d8edce7af42fef2d35e77677a, Thu Apr 6 19:36:54 PDT 2017
Type 'help "COMMAND"', (e.g. 'help "get"' -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
Commands are grouped. Type 'help "COMMAND_GROUP"', (e.g. 'help "general"') for help on a command group.
COMMAND GROUPS:
Group name: general
Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami
Group name: ddl
Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, locate_region, show_filters
Group name: namespace
Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables
Group name: dml
Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, get_splits, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve
Group name: tools
Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, balancer_enabled, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, compact_rs, flush, major_compact, merge_region, move, normalize, normalizer_enabled, normalizer_switch, split, splitormerge_enabled, splitormerge_switch, trace, unassign, wal_roll, zk_dump
Group name: replication
Commands: add_peer, append_peer_tableCFs, disable_peer, disable_table_replication, enable_peer, enable_table_replication, get_peer_config, list_peer_configs, list_peers, list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, remove_peer_tableCFs, set_peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs
Group name: snapshots
Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_all_snapshot, delete_snapshot, delete_table_snapshots, list_snapshots, list_table_snapshots, restore_snapshot, snapshot
Group name: configuration
Commands: update_all_config, update_config
Group name: quotas
Commands: list_quotas, set_quota
Group name: security
Commands: grant, list_security_capabilities, revoke, user_permission
Group name: procedures
Commands: abort_procedure, list_procedures
Group name: visibility labels
Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, list_labels, set_auths, set_visibility
SHELL USAGE:
Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names. Commas delimit
command parameters. Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it.
Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are
Ruby Hashes. They look like this:
{'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...}
and are opened and closed with curley-braces. Key/values are delimited by the
'=>' character combination. Usually keys are predefined constants such as
NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc. Constants do not need to be quoted. Type
'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.
If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use
double-quote'd hexadecimal representation. For example:
hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd"
hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011"
hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:', "\x01\x33\x40"
The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added.
For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/book.html
- 查看所有表
list
hbase(main):002:0> list
TABLE
0 row(s) in 0.5450 seconds
=> []
hbase(main):003:0>
- 查询服务器状态
status
hbase(main):003:0> status
1 active master, 1 backup masters, 1 servers, 2 dead, 2.0000 average load
hbase(main):004:0>
- 查询Hbase版本
version
hbase(main):004:0> version
1.3.1, r930b9a55528fe45d8edce7af42fef2d35e77677a, Thu Apr 6 19:36:54 PDT 2017
hbase(main):005:0>
增删改
- 创建一个表
create
hbase(main):005:0> create 'student','info','address' # 创建一个student表
0 row(s) in 2.9320 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - student
hbase(main):006:0> list #查看所有表
TABLE
student
1 row(s) in 0.0630 seconds
=> ["student"]
hbase(main):007:0>
- 获得表的描述
describe
hbase(main):002:0> describe 'student' ##语法 describe '表名'
Table student is ENABLED
student
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'address', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSIO
N => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
{NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION =
> 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
2 row(s) in 0.2980 seconds
hbase(main):003:0>
- 表是否存在
exists
hbase(main):005:0> exists 'student'
Table student does exist
0 row(s) in 0.0260 seconds
hbase(main):006:0>
- 添加一个列族
alter
hbase(main):002:0> alter 'student','id' ## 语法 alter '表名', '列族名'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 5.3610 seconds
hbase(main):003:0>
- 删除一个列族
alter
hbase(main):003:0> alter 'student',{NAME=>'id',METHOD=> 'delete'} ##语法 alter '表名', {NAME=> '列族名', METHOD=> 'delete'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.5240 seconds
hbase(main):004:0>
- 启用表
enable和禁用表disable
通过enable和disable来启用/禁用这个表,相应的可以通过is_enabled和is_disabled来检查表是否被禁用
hbase(main):004:0> enable 'student' ## 语法 enable '表名' 启用
0 row(s) in 0.0830 seconds
hbase(main):005:0> is_enabled 'student' ##is_enabled '表名' 检查是否启用
true
0 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds
hbase(main):006:0> disable 'student' ##disable '表名' 禁用
0 row(s) in 2.4720 seconds
hbase(main):007:0> is_disabled 'student' ##is_disabled '表名' 检查是否禁用
true
0 row(s) in 0.0530 seconds
hbase(main):008:0>
- 删除表
drop
需要先禁用表，然后再删除表，启用的表是不允许删除的
hbase(main):010:0> disable 'student' ##语法 disable '表名' 先禁用表
0 row(s) in 2.4480 seconds
hbase(main):011:0> drop 'student' ## drop '表名' 再删除表
0 row(s) in 2.4620 seconds
hbase(main):012:0> list ##然后看到student表就消失了
TABLE
0 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds
=> []
hbase(main):013:0>
- 插入或者修改数据
put
# 创建表
create 'tbl_user', 'info', 'detail', 'address'
# 第一行数据
put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'info:id', '1'
put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'info:name', '张三'
put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'info:age', '28'
put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'detail:birthday', '1990-06-26'
put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'detail:email', 'abc@163.com'
put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'detail:create_time', '2019-03-04 14:26:10'
put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'address', '上海市'
# 第二行数据
put 'tbl_user', 'vbirdbest', 'info:id', '2'
put 'tbl_user', 'vbirdbest', 'info:name', '李四'
put 'tbl_user', 'vbirdbest', 'info:age', '27'
put 'tbl_user', 'vbirdbest', 'detail:birthday', '1990-06-27'
put 'tbl_user', 'vbirdbest', 'detail:email', 'xxx@gmail.com'
put 'tbl_user', 'vbirdbest', 'detail:create_time', '2019-03-05 14:26:10'
put 'tbl_user', 'vbirdbest', 'address', '北京市'
如图就是当前数据插入tbl_user状态
hbase(main):001:0> create 'tbl_user', 'info', 'detail', 'address' ##创建表
0 row(s) in 2.6940 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - tbl_user
hbase(main):002:0> put 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'info:id', '1'
### 语法
# 当列族中只有一个列时'列族名:列名'使用'列族名'
put '表名', '行键', '列族名', '列值'
put '表名', '行键', '列族名:列名', '列值'
0 row(s) in 0.2630 seconds
hbase(main):003:0>
...........
- 全表扫描
scan
hbase(main):002:0> scan 'tbl_user' ##在这里我插入三条数据 语法 scan '表名'
ROW COLUMN+CELL
mengday column=info:age, timestamp=1584033243936, value=28
mengday column=info:id, timestamp=1584032107299, value=1
mengday column=info:name, timestamp=1584033240116, value=\xE5\xBC\xA0\xE4\xB8\x89
1 row(s) in 0.2760 seconds
hbase(main):003:0>
- 扫描整个列簇
# 语法
scan '表名', {COLUMN=>'列族名'}
# 示例
scan 'tbl_user', {COLUMN=>'info'}
- 扫描整个列簇的某个列
# 语法
scan '表名', {COLUMN=>'列族名:列名'}
# 示例
scan 'tbl_user', {COLUMN=>'info:age'}
- 获取数据
get
hbase(main):003:0> get 'tbl_user', 'mengday' ### 语法get '表名', '行键'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1584033243936, value=28
info:id timestamp=1584032107299, value=1
info:name timestamp=1584033240116, value=\xE5\xBC\xA0\xE4\xB8\x89
1 row(s) in 0.1140 seconds
hbase(main):004:0>
- 根据某一行某列族的数据
# 语法
get '表名', '行键', '列族名'
# 示例
get 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'info'
hbase(main):004:0> get 'tbl_user', 'mengday', 'info'
COLUMN CELL
info:age timestamp=1584033243936, value=28
info:id timestamp=1584032107299, value=1
info:name timestamp=1584033240116, value=\xE5\xBC\xA0\xE4\xB8\x89
1 row(s) in 0.0490 seconds
hbase(main):005:0>
- 清空整个表的数据
truncate
hbase(main):005:0> truncate 'tbl_user' ##truncate '表名'
Truncating 'tbl_user' table (it may take a while):
- Disabling table...
- Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 6.2550 seconds
hbase(main):006:0> scan 'tbl_user' ##全表扫描
ROW COLUMN+CELL
0 row(s) in 0.2210 seconds
hbase(main):007:0>
- 查询表中有多少行
count
hbase(main):007:0> count 'tbl_user' ## count '表名'
0 row(s) in 0.1170 seconds
=> 0
hbase(main):008:0>
LIMIT返回的行数
# 语法
scan '表名', { LIMIT => 行数}
# 示例
scan 'tbl_user', { LIMIT => 数字 }
- 删除某个列族中的某个列
delete
hbase(main):008:0> create 'tbl_test', 'columnFamily1'
0 row(s) in 2.4180 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - tbl_test
hbase(main):009:0> put 'tbl_test', 'rowKey1', 'columnFamily1:column1', 'value1'
0 row(s) in 0.1850 seconds
## 语法 delete '表名', '行键', '列族名:列名'
hbase(main):010:0> put 'tbl_test', 'rowKey1', 'columnFamily1:column2', 'value2'
0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds
hbase(main):011:0> delete 'tbl_test', 'rowKey1', 'columnFamily1:column1'
0 row(s) in 0.0760 seconds
hbase(main):012:0> delete 'tbl_test', 'rowKey1', 'columnFamily1:column2'
0 row(s) in 0.1040 seconds
hbase(main):013:0>
- 删除某行数据
deleteall
# 语法
deleteall '表名', '行键'
# 示例
deleteall 'tbl_test', 'rowKey1'
参考文献
https://blog.csdn.net/vbirdbest/article/details/88236575
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