docker基础用法

docker基础用法

docker安装

参考阿里云网站：https://developer.aliyun.com/article/110806

安装必要的一些系统工具

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

添加软件源信息

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

更新并安装Docker-CE

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache fast
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

开启Docker服务

 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker

docker加速

在自己的阿里云里面有免费的个人私有加速器


可以通过修改daemon配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器

[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
> {
>    "registry-mirrors": ["https://ivte12dz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
> }
> EOF
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker

docker常用操作

命令	功能
docker search	Search the Docker Hub for images
docker pull	Pull an image or a repository from a registry
docker images	List images
docker create	Create a new conntainer
docker start	Start one or more stopped containers
docker run	Run a command in a new container
docker attach	Attach to a runninng container
docker ps	List containers
docker logs	Fetch the logs of a container
docker restart	Restart a container
docker stop	Stop one or more running containers
docker kill	Kill one or more running containers
docker rm	Remove onne or more containers
docker exec	Run a command in a running container
docker info	Display system-wide information
docker inspect	Return low-level information on Docker objects

docker search  在docker hub 里查找镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        12902               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1760                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   760                                     [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   102                                     

docker pull  从官方仓库pull镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
c499e6d256d6: Already exists
76155f771be0: Pull complete
48b718b71719: Pull complete
d65ae7a4c211: Pull complete
8d17dee838ad: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:7cbb6e0bdbcae47b7684425160423a336d17c1dd499adb471ac99913c43e16fa`
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest

docker images  查看镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
httpd               latest              8326be82abe6        8 hours ago         166MB
nginx               latest              ed21b7a8aee9        8 hours ago         127MB

docker create  创建容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker create -it nginx /bin/bash
74ff9e5ba07bdd9d5ca33e059a9e443cdf017731a1b289e4f05ed70171942fb1

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
74ff9e5ba07b        nginx               "/bin/bash"         54 seconds ago      Created                                 modest_antonelli

docker start  启动一个或多个停止的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker start 74ff9e5ba07b
74ff9e5ba07b

docker ps  查看有哪些容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
74ff9e5ba07b        nginx               "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 9 seconds        80/tcp              modest_antonelli

docker run  同时执行pull、create和start操作

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d httpd:2.4
Unable to find image 'httpd:2.4' locally
2.4: Pulling from library/httpd
Digest: sha256:7cbb6e0bdbcae47b7684425160423a336d17c1dd499adb471ac99913c43e16fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:2.4
d6d97437e84ba59624aadd92cb6d2cff26405a223cf66a321a2b1604f5b15192

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND              CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
d6d97437e84b        httpd:2.4           "httpd-foreground"   21 seconds ago      Up 21 seconds       80/tcp              clever_pike
74ff9e5ba07b        nginx               "/bin/bash"          16 minutes ago      Up 14 minutes       80/tcp              modest_antonelli

docker kill  强行杀死容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker kill d6d97437e84b
d6d97437e84b

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
74ff9e5ba07b        nginx               "/bin/bash"         21 minutes ago      Up 19 minutes       80/tcp              modest_antonelli

docker rm  删除容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm d6d97437e84b
d6d97437e84b

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
74ff9e5ba07b        nginx               "/bin/bash"         24 minutes ago      Up 21 minutes       80/tcp              modest_antonelli

docker info  显示系统信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 1
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 2
 Server Version: 19.03.8
 ...

docker exec  进入容器并执行命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 74ff9e5ba07b /bin/bash
root@74ff9e5ba07b:/# 

docker logs  查看容器日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs 5940b84d8bdc
192.168.39.1 - - [31/Mar/2020:12:26:22 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36" "-"
2020/03/31 12:26:22 [error] 6#6: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.39.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.39.140:8080", referrer: "http://192.168.39.140:8080/"

docker inspect  查看详细的信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 5940b84d8bdc
[
    {
        "Id": "5940b84d8bdc362189eda4bcac738c10ec9881520c5879dba9b74ae73795e7e8",
        "Created": "2020-03-31T12:25:41.75544235Z",
        "Path": "nginx",
        "Args": [
            "-g",
            "daemon off;"
        ],
        ...

docker event state