SpringBoot异常处理

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 16:10:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 16:10:00 发布

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分类专栏： SpringBoot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45676630/article/details/109350273

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1. 自定义错误页面

SpringBoot 默认的处理异常的机制：SpringBoot 默认的已经提供了一套处理异常的机制。一旦程序中出现了异常 SpringBoot 会像/error 的 url 发送请求。在 springBoot 中提供了一个叫 BasicExceptionController 来处理/error 请求，然后跳转到默认显示异常的页面来展示异常信息。
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我们只需要在resources/templates中添加一个error.html页面即可
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再次访问：

2. @ExceptionHandler处理

针对特定的异常处理。异常处理代码和业务代码耦合性比较强

2.1 控制器

package com.dbl.springboot.demo.exception.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * descrription:
 * <p>
 * Create by DbL on 2020/10/29 0029 7:53
 */
@Controller("/exception")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/show1")
    public String showInfo1(Model model) {
        String msg = null;
        msg.length(); // NullPointerException
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/show2")
    public String showInfo2() {
        int i = 0;
        int b = 100;
        System.out.println(b / i); // ArithmeicExpetion
        return "success";
    }

    /**
     * 如果当前类中出现了NullPointerException异常就会跳转到本方法对应的view中
     *
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = {NullPointerException.class})
    public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
        view.addObject("error", e.toString());
        view.setViewName("error1");
        return view;
    }

    /**
     * 如果当前类中出现了ArithmeticException异常就会跳转到本方法对应的view中
     *
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = {ArithmeticException.class})
    public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
        view.addObject("error", e.toString());
        view.setViewName("error2");
        return view;
    }
}

2.2 定制报错页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>系统错误页面1</h1>
<span th:text="${error}"></span>
</body>
</html>

2.3 测试

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3. @ControllerAdvice处理

实现业务代码和系统异常处理代码解耦。先将2.1中异常处理注释。

3.1 新增全局异常控制类

package com.dbl.springboot.demo.exception.handler;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * descrription:
 * <p>
 * Create by DbL on 2020/11/3 0003 7:29
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalException {
    /**
     * 如果当前类中出现了NullPointerException异常就会跳转到本方法对应的view中
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = {NullPointerException.class})
    public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e){
        ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
        view.addObject("error",e.toString());
        view.setViewName("error1");
        return view;
    }

    /**
     * 如果当前类中出现了ArithmeticException异常就会跳转到本方法对应的view中
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = {ArithmeticException.class})
    public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e){
        ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView();
        view.addObject("error",e.toString());
        view.setViewName("error2");
        return view;
    }
}

4.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver处理

通过系统提供的异常映射处理实现。

4.1 在启动类中配置映射

package com.dbl.springboot.demo;

import com.dbl.springboot.demo.filter.SecondFilter;
import com.dbl.springboot.demo.listener.SecondListener;
import com.dbl.springboot.demo.servlet.SecondServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;

import java.util.Properties;

@SpringBootApplication
// 在SpringBoot 启动的时候回自动去扫描WebServlet注解
@ServletComponentScan
public class GpDblSpringbootServletApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GpDblSpringbootServletApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 异常信息和对应的 处理地址的 映射
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver getSimpleMappingExceptionResolver(){

        SimpleMappingExceptionResolver mapping = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
        Properties mappings = new Properties();
        mappings.setProperty("java.lang.NullPointerException","error3");
        mappings.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException","error4");
        mapping.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
        return mapping;
    }
}

4.2 测试

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5 自定义HandlerExceptionResolver

5.1 自定义MyHandlerExceptionResolver 类

package com.dbl.springboot.demo.exception.handler;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * descrription:
 * <p>
 * Create by DbL on 2020/11/3 0003 7:42
 */
@Component
public class MyHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    /**
     * 自定义的全局异常
     * @param httpServletRequest
     * @param httpServletResponse
     * @param o
     * @param e
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest
            , HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse
            , Object o, Exception e) {
        System.out.println("全局的自定义异常处理触发了....");
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        if(e instanceof  NullPointerException){
            mv.setViewName("error1");
            mv.addObject("error","空指针异常");
        }else if(e instanceof  ArithmeticException){
            mv.setViewName("error2");
            mv.addObject("error","算数异常");
        }
        return mv;
    }
}