Spring-DI依赖注入

依赖注入的概念

依赖注入（Dependency Injection，DI）

• 依赖：指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器，Bean对象的依赖资源
• 注入：指Bean对象所依赖的资源，由容器来设置和装配

依赖注入的方式

1. 构造器注入（上一章已经演示过）
2. set方式注入
3. 拓展方式注入（p命令空间、c命令空间等）

set方式注入（重点）

环境搭建：
1、复杂类型(Address.java)

public class Address{
     private String address;
     public String getAddress(){
          return address
     }
     private void setAddress(String address){
         this.address=address;
     }
}

2、真实测试对象(Student.java)

public class Student{
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;//爱好
    private Map<String,string> card;//卡片
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;//妻子
    private Properties info;//自定义  信息
    public String getStudent(){
         return name;
    }
    public void setStudent(String name){
         this.name=name;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books){
         this.books=books;
    }
 
    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies){
         this.hobbies=hobbies;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String,String> card){
         this.card=card;
    }
    public void setGames(Set<String> games){
         this.games=games;
    }
    public void setWife(String wife){
         this.wife=wife;
    }
    public void setInfo(Properties info){
         this.info=info;
    }
    @override
    public String toString(){
       return "Student{"+
       "name"+name+
       ",address"+address.getAddress()+
       ",books"+Arrays.toString(books)+
       ",hobbies"+honnies+
       ",card"+card+
       ",games"+games+
       ",wife"+wife+
       "+info"+info+
       "}"
    }
}

3、编写Student.xml配置文件，并将其导入applicationContext.xml中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <bean id="student" class="com.ljy.pojo.Student">
        <property name="name" value="李锦阳"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

4、测试

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
        student.show();
    }
}

结果：

完整的注入信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.ljy.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="西安"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="student" class="com.ljy.pojo.Student">
        <!--普通注入-->
        <property name="name" value="李锦阳"/>

        <!--Bean注入，ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

        <!--数组-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!--List-->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>敲代码</value>
                <value>打篮球</value>
                <value>旅游</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!--Map-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证号" value="111111222222223333"/>
                <entry key="手机号" value="12345678912"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!--Set-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>王者荣耀</value>
                <value>斗地主</value>
                <value>LOL</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!--null-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null></null>
        </property>

        <!--Properties-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="driver">hahahaha</prop>
                <prop key="url">www.hahahh.com</prop>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">123456</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

拓展方式注入

可以使用p命令空间和c命令空间进行注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性的值 property-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.ljy.pojo.User" p:name="李锦阳" p:age="18"/>

    <!--c命名空间注入，通过构造器注入 Construct-args-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.ljy.pojo.User" c:name="阳哥" c:age="81"/>
</beans>

测试：

@Test
    public void Test2(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("UserBeans.xml");
        User user = context.getBean("user2", User.class);
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }

注意：p命名空间和c命名空间不能直接使用，需要导入xml约束。

xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

bean的作用域

1、单例模式
Spring的默认机制

<bean id="user" class="com.ljy.pojo.User" p:name="李锦阳" p:age="18" scope="singleton"/>

2、原型模式
每次从容器中get的时候，都会产生一个新的对象

<bean id="user" class="com.ljy.pojo.User" p:name="李锦阳" p:age="18" scope="prototype"/>

3、其余的request、session、application，这些只能在web开发中使用到！