Linux 包管理
这里介绍如何配置常见Linux发行版的包管理.
0 说明
0.1 以清华源为例
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/
帮助文档:
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/
0.2 $arch就是x86_64
0.3 对应关系
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman/Rosetta
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)/Rosetta_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
0.4 2020.12.2更新:
从该年12月开始, CentOS / RHEL 6系正式被Oracle终止支持, 原来的6系仓库也被迁移到了Vault, 因此会这样提示:
This directory (and version of CentOS) is deprecated.
(https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/333275674)
此时, 应当切换为Vault仓库.
1 DEB(Debian、Ubuntu、KDE_Neon系列)
1.1 配置清华源
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
1.2 安装库已有的软件
apt-get install firefox
================================
2 YUM(RHEL、CentOS系列)
2.1 配置清华源
2.1.1 CentOS 7
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/Tuna.repo
[Tuna]
name=Tsinghua Tuna - $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
rpm --import https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
yum clean all
yum makecache
2.1.2 RHEL 6.7
由于以上已经说明过的原因, 这里要设置成Vault仓库.
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/Tuna.repo
[Tuna]
name=Tsinghua Tuna - $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/6.7/os/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
rpm --import https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/6.7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
yum clean all
yum makecache
你也可以使用阿里云的Vault, 无非替换几个地址:
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vim Aliyun.repo
[Aliyun]
name=Alibaba Aliyun - $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/6.7/os/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
rpm --import http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/6.7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
yum makecache
2.2 安装库已有的软件
yum install firefox
2.3 谨慎 更新系统所有包
-
列出所有可更新的包
yum list updates
-
更新内核
yum -y update
-
不更新内核
yum -y upgrade
3 pacman(ArchLinux)
3.1 配置清华源
vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
#[Tuna]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/ r e p o / o s / repo/os/ repo/os/arch
(写在文件最上面,并且其他的源全部给我删掉或注释掉)
sudo pacman -Syy
3.2 安装库已有的软件
pacman -S firefox
3.3 配置 Arch Linux 中文社区软件仓库
(https://repo.archlinuxcn.org/)
vim /etc/pacman.conf
[ArchLinuxCN]
Server = https://repo.archlinuxcn.org/x86_64
[TunaArchLinuxCN]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
sudo pacman -Syy