Java_Spring框架二(练习DI和IOC)
依赖注入(DI):
当编写一个复杂的 Java 应用程序时,应用程序类应该尽可能的独立于其他的 Java 类来增加这些类可重用可能性,当进行单元测试时,可以使它们独立于其他类进行测试。依赖注入(或者有时被称为配线)有助于将这些类粘合在一起,并且在同一时间让它们保持独立。
这里将依赖关系部分转化为两个类之间的关联。例如,类 A 依赖于类 B。现在,让我们看一看第二部分,注入。所有这一切都意味着类 B 将通过 IoC 被注入到类 A 中。
IoC 容器:
IOC 容器具有依赖注入功能的容器,它可以创建对象,IOC 容器负责实例化、定位、配置应用程序中的对象及建立这些对象间的依赖。通常new一个实例,控制权由程序员控制,而"控制反转"是指new实例工作不由程序员来做而是交给Spring容器来做。
实例:
两个实体类:
package cn.zbw.domain;
public class AddressInfo {
private String homeAddress;
private String schoolAddress;
public AddressInfo(String homeAddress, String schoolAddress) {
this.homeAddress = homeAddress;
this.schoolAddress = schoolAddress;
}
public AddressInfo() {
}
public String getHomeAddress() {
return homeAddress;
}
public void setHomeAddress(String homeAddress) {
this.homeAddress = homeAddress;
}
public String getSchoolAddress() {
return schoolAddress;
}
public void setSchoolAddress(String schoolAddress) {
this.schoolAddress = schoolAddress;
}
}
package cn.zbw.domain;
public class EmpInfo {
private int empId;
private String empName;
private String empSex;
private AddressInfo address;
public EmpInfo(int empId, String empName, String empSex, AddressInfo address) {
this.empId = empId;
this.empName = empName;
this.empSex = empSex;
this.address = address;
}
public EmpInfo() {
}
public int getEmpId() {
return empId;
}
public void setEmpId(int empId) {
this.empId = empId;
}
public String getEmpName() {
return empName;
}
public void setEmpName(String empName) {
this.empName = empName;
}
public String getEmpSex() {
return empSex;
}
public void setEmpSex(String empSex) {
this.empSex = empSex;
}
public AddressInfo getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(AddressInfo address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
实现自定义方法:
package cn.zbw.dao.impl;
import cn.zbw.dao.EmpInfoDao;
public class EmpInfoDaoImpl implements EmpInfoDao {
@Override
public void addEmp() {
System.out.println("你很漂亮,漂亮的不是你,是十八岁");
}
}
xml配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="address" class="cn.zbw.domain.AddressInfo">
<property name="homeAddress" value="宁夏省石嘴山市山水大道"></property>
<property name="schoolAddress" value="宁夏省石嘴山市星光大道"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="emp" class="cn.zbw.domain.EmpInfo">
<property name="empId" value="1001"></property>
<property name="empName" value="冰冰"></property>
<property name="empSex" value="女"></property>
<property name="address" ref="address"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="empInfo" class="cn.zbw.dao.impl.EmpInfoDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="empService" class="cn.zbw.service.EmpInfoService" autowire="byType"></bean>
</beans>
Test01:
package cn.zbw.test;
import cn.zbw.domain.AddressInfo;
import cn.zbw.domain.EmpInfo;
import cn.zbw.service.EmpInfoService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
test01();
}
private static void test01() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
EmpInfo ei = (EmpInfo) ac.getBean("emp");
System.out.println(ei.getAddress().getHomeAddress());
}
}
结果是:
Test02:
package cn.zbw.test;
import cn.zbw.service.EmpInfoService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
test02();
}
private static void test02() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
EmpInfoService eis = (EmpInfoService) ac.getBean("empService");
eis.addEmp();
}
}
结果是:
Test03:
package cn.zbw.test;
import cn.zbw.domain.EmpInfo;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
test03();
}
private static void test03() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
EmpInfo ei= (EmpInfo) ac.getBean("emp");
System.out.println(ei.getEmpName());
System.out.println(ei.getEmpSex());
}
}
结果是: