代码随想录算法训练营第四天 | 链表进阶系列2-- 两两交换链表中的节点-删除链表的倒数第N个节点-链表相交-环形链表II

24 两两交换链表中的结点

给你一个链表,两两交换其中相邻的节点,并返回交换后链表的头节点。你必须在不修改节点内部的值的情况下完成本题(即,只能进行节点交换)。

示例1:
输入:head = [1,2,3,4]
输出:[2,1,4,3]

示例2:
输入:head = []
输出:[]

示例3:
输入:head = [1]
输出:[1]

我的代码

没看任何资料,自己整理逻辑写出来的。

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self,val=0,next=None):
        self.val=val
        self.next = next
class Solution:
    def swapPairs(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        virtual = ListNode(0,head)
        first = virtual
       
        second = first.next
        while first.next != None and first.next.next != None:
            temp = second.next
            first.next = temp
            second.next = temp.next
            temp.next = second
            first = second
            second = second.next

   

        return virtual.next
        

力扣的示例代码

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.next = next
class Solution:
    def swapPairs(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        if head==None or head.next==None:
            return head
        next = head.next
        head.next = self.swapPairs(next.next)
        next.next = head
        return next

代码随想录的代码

class Solution:
    def swapPairs(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        dummy_head = ListNode(next=head)
        current = dummy_head
        
        # 必须有cur的下一个和下下个才能交换,否则说明已经交换结束了
        while current.next and current.next.next:
            temp = current.next # 防止节点修改
            temp1 = current.next.next.next
            
            current.next = current.next.next
            current.next.next = temp
            temp.next = temp1
            current = current.next.next
        return dummy_head.next

19 删除链表的倒数第 N 个结点

给你一个链表,删除链表的倒数第 n 个结点,并且返回链表的头结点。

示例1:
输入:head = [1,2,3,4,5], n = 2
输出:[1,2,3,5]

示例2:
输入:head = [1], n = 1
输出:[]

示例3:
输入:head = [1,2], n = 1
输出:[1]

我的代码

小记:这题第一次看的时候一点思路没有,看完解答后恍然大悟,还是对链表的数据结构特点不熟悉,也对快慢指针的灵活运用不熟悉。

大致的思路:双指针,fast先移动n步,然后slow,fast一起移动,fast.next为空时,slow.next = slow.next.next即可。

根据代码随想录的思路,明白后自己写出的代码:

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self,val=0,next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next
class Solution:
    def removeNthFromEnd(self, head: Optional[ListNode], n: int) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        virtual = ListNode(0,head)
        slow = virtual
        fast = virtual
        for i in range(n):
            fast = fast.next
        while fast.next :
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next
        slow.next = slow.next.next
        return virtual.next

力扣的示例代码

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.next = next
class Solution:
    def removeNthFromEnd(self, head: Optional[ListNode], n: int) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        head_dummy = ListNode()
        head_dummy.next = head

        pre = head_dummy
        cur = head_dummy
        while n >= 0:
            cur = cur.next
            n -= 1
        while cur != None:
            pre = pre.next
            cur = cur.next
        pre.next = pre.next.next
        return head_dummy.next

代码随想录的代码

class Solution:
    def removeNthFromEnd(self, head: ListNode, n: int) -> ListNode:
        # 创建一个虚拟节点,并将其下一个指针设置为链表的头部
        dummy_head = ListNode(0, head)
        
        # 创建两个指针,慢指针和快指针,并将它们初始化为虚拟节点
        slow = fast = dummy_head
        
        # 快指针比慢指针快 n+1 步
        for i in range(n+1):
            fast = fast.next
        
        # 移动两个指针,直到快速指针到达链表的末尾
        while fast:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next
        
        # 通过更新第 (n-1) 个节点的 next 指针删除第 n 个节点
        slow.next = slow.next.next
        
        return dummy_head.next

160 链表相交

给你两个单链表的头节点 headA 和 headB ,请你找出并返回两个单链表相交的起始节点。如果两个链表没有交点,返回 null 。

(示例情况参见力扣官网吧,有图方便理解)
160 链表相交

小记1:这题第一次看的时候一点思路没有,看完解答后恍然大悟,还是对链表的数据结构特点不熟悉,没有意识到链表不像数组,直观上给出的数据的长度,但是我们可以通过遍历,在O(n)的时间内,获得这一信息,在本题中,链表长度是十分重要的信息。

小记2:这里的相等是指的是指针相等,不是数值相等,因为链表中不同结点的数值可能相等。

我的代码

大致的思路:先求出两个链表的长度,然后作差,让短的链表先前进x步,然后只要两个指针不相等且不为None,就一直next。

根据代码随想录的思路,明白后自己写出的代码:

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self,val=0,next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

class Solution:
    def getIntersectionNode(self, headA: ListNode, headB: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        virtualA = ListNode(0,headA)
        virtualB = ListNode(0,headB)
        curA = virtualA
        curB = virtualB
        countA = countB = 0
        
        while virtualA.next:
            countA = countA + 1
            virtualA = virtualA.next
        while virtualB.next:
            countB = countB + 1
            virtualB = virtualB.next
        if countA >= countB:
            diff = countA - countB
            for i in range(diff):
                curA = curA.next
            while curA:
                if curB==curA:
                    return curA
                else:
                    curB = curB.next
                    curA = curA.next
            
            else:
                return None
                
        
        else:
            diff = countB - countA
            for i in range(diff):
                curB = curB.next
            while curA:
                if curB==curA:
                    return curA
                else:
                    curB = curB.next
                    curA = curA.next
            
            else:
                return None
                

力扣的示例代码

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None

class Solution:
    def getIntersectionNode(self, headA: ListNode, headB: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        lenA, lenB = 0, 0
        cur = headA
        while cur:
            cur = cur.next
            lenA += 1
        cur = headB
        while cur:
            cur = cur.next
            lenB += 1
        curA, curB = headA, headB
        if lenA > lenB:
            curA, curB = curB, curA
            lenA, lenB = lenB, lenA
        while (lenB - lenA) > 0:
            curB = curB.next
            lenB -= 1
        while curA:
            if curA == curB:
                return curA
            else:
                curA = curA.next
                curB = curB.next
        return None

代码随想录的代码

(版本一)求长度,同时出发

class Solution:
    def getIntersectionNode(self, headA: ListNode, headB: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        lenA, lenB = 0, 0
        cur = headA
        while cur:         # 求链表A的长度
            cur = cur.next 
            lenA += 1
        cur = headB 
        while cur:         # 求链表B的长度
            cur = cur.next 
            lenB += 1
        curA, curB = headA, headB
        if lenA > lenB:     # 让curB为最长链表的头,lenB为其长度
            curA, curB = curB, curA
            lenA, lenB = lenB, lenA 
        for _ in range(lenB - lenA):  # 让curA和curB在同一起点上(末尾位置对齐)
            curB = curB.next 
        while curA:         #  遍历curA 和 curB,遇到相同则直接返回
            if curA == curB:
                return curA
            else:
                curA = curA.next 
                curB = curB.next
        return None 
(版本二)求长度,同时出发 (代码复用)
class Solution:
    def getIntersectionNode(self, headA: ListNode, headB: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        lenA = self.getLength(headA)
        lenB = self.getLength(headB)
        
        # 通过移动较长的链表,使两链表长度相等
        if lenA > lenB:
            headA = self.moveForward(headA, lenA - lenB)
        else:
            headB = self.moveForward(headB, lenB - lenA)
        
        # 将两个头向前移动,直到它们相交
        while headA and headB:
            if headA == headB:
                return headA
            headA = headA.next
            headB = headB.next
        
        return None
    
    def getLength(self, head: ListNode) -> int:
        length = 0
        while head:
            length += 1
            head = head.next
        return length
    
    def moveForward(self, head: ListNode, steps: int) -> ListNode:
        while steps > 0:
            head = head.next
            steps -= 1
        return head
(版本三)求长度,同时出发 (代码复用 + 精简)
class Solution:
    def getIntersectionNode(self, headA: ListNode, headB: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        dis = self.getLength(headA) - self.getLength(headB)
        
        # 通过移动较长的链表,使两链表长度相等
        if dis > 0:
            headA = self.moveForward(headA, dis)
        else:
            headB = self.moveForward(headB, abs(dis))
        
        # 将两个头向前移动,直到它们相交
        while headA and headB:
            if headA == headB:
                return headA
            headA = headA.next
            headB = headB.next
        
        return None
    
    def getLength(self, head: ListNode) -> int:
        length = 0
        while head:
            length += 1
            head = head.next
        return length
    
    def moveForward(self, head: ListNode, steps: int) -> ListNode:
        while steps > 0:
            head = head.next
            steps -= 1
        return head
(版本四)等比例法
# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None


class Solution:
    def getIntersectionNode(self, headA: ListNode, headB: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        # 处理边缘情况
        if not headA or not headB:
            return None
        
        # 在每个链表的头部初始化两个指针
        pointerA = headA
        pointerB = headB
        
        # 遍历两个链表直到指针相交
        while pointerA != pointerB:
            # 将指针向前移动一个节点
            pointerA = pointerA.next if pointerA else headB
            pointerB = pointerB.next if pointerB else headA
        
        # 如果相交,指针将位于交点节点,如果没有交点,值为None
        return pointerA

142 环形链表II

给定一个链表的头节点 head ,返回链表开始入环的第一个节点。 如果链表无环,则返回 null。

如果链表中有某个节点,可以通过连续跟踪 next 指针再次到达,则链表中存在环。 为了表示给定链表中的环,评测系统内部使用整数 pos 来表示链表尾连接到链表中的位置(索引从 0 开始)。如果 pos 是 -1,则在该链表中没有环。注意:pos 不作为参数进行传递,仅仅是为了标识链表的实际情况。

不允许修改 链表。

示例1:
输入:head = [3,2,0,-4], pos = 1
输出:返回索引为 1 的链表节点
解释:链表中有一个环,其尾部连接到第二个节点。

示例2:
输入:head = [1,2], pos = 0
输出:返回索引为 0 的链表节点
解释:链表中有一个环,其尾部连接到第一个节点。

示例3:
输入:head = [1], pos = -1
输出:返回 null
解释:链表中没有环。

小记:这道题很难,认为是链表部分最难的一道题了,具体分析也没什么好写的,只能说代码随想录的题目解析全是精华。
142 环形链表II–全是精华

代码随想录的代码

(版本一)快慢指针法
class Solution:
    def detectCycle(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        slow = head
        fast = head
        
        while fast and fast.next:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next.next
            
            # If there is a cycle, the slow and fast pointers will eventually meet
            if slow == fast:
                # Move one of the pointers back to the start of the list
                slow = head
                while slow != fast:
                    slow = slow.next
                    fast = fast.next
                return slow
        # If there is no cycle, return None
        return None
(版本二)集合法
# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None


class Solution:
    def detectCycle(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        visited = set()
        
        while head:
            if head in visited:
                return head
            visited.add(head)
            head = head.next
        
        return None

力扣的示例代码

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None

class Solution:
    def detectCycle(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[ListNode]:
        fast = head
        slow = head
        pos = -1
        while fast != None and fast.next != None:
            fast = fast.next.next
            slow = slow.next
            if fast == slow:
                index1 = slow
                index2 = head
                pos = 0
                break
        if pos == -1:
            return None
        while index1 != index2:
            index1 = index1.next
            index2 = index2.next
            pos += 1
        return index1
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