1.隔开Python项目的运行环境
隔开运行环境是为了一下两点:
- 避免多个项目之间Python库的冲突
- 完整便捷导出Python库的列表
安装包:
pip install virtualenv
开启虚拟环境相关的命令:
- 创建:virtualenv <虚拟环境名称>
- 启动: Scripts\activate
- 退出:deactivate
创建虚拟环境,创建时,在要创建的目录打开cmd输入:
virtualenv mysite_env
虚拟环境创建完成,在虚拟环境安装django2.0:
先在安装目录下进入Scripts输入:activate回车
此时进入虚拟环境,再运行安装命令:
pip install django==2.0
退出虚拟环境的命令为:deactivate
2.初步创建blog应用
进入虚拟环境,依次输入命令:
django-admin startproject mysite
cd mysite
python manage.py startapp blog
创建完成后,开始编辑models.py文件,同前几篇文章一样:
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
class BlogType(models.Model):
type_name = models.CharField(max_length=15)
class Blog(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=50)
blog_type = models.ForeignKey(BlogType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
content = models.TextField()
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
last_updated_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
初始化数据库:
pytyon manage.py migrate
创建管理员账号:
python manage.py createsuperuser
在设置文件setting.py中添加:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'blog',
]
自定义后台界面,在admin.py编辑:
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import BlogType, Blog
@admin.register(BlogType)
# Register your models here.
class BlogTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('id', 'type_name')
@admin.register(Blog)
class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title', 'blog_type', 'author', 'created_time', 'last_updated_time')
创建数据库迁移文件:
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
在setting.py中修改
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
将语言设置成中文,时间设置为上海时间。
启动服务:
python manage.py runserver
进入后台界面显示如下:
在创建完分类后,为了能在创建文章时显示选择的具体分类名,需要在models.py添加:
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
class BlogType(models.Model):
type_name = models.CharField(max_length=15)
def __str__(self):
return self.type_name
class Blog(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=50)
blog_type = models.ForeignKey(BlogType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
content = models.TextField()
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
last_updated_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
def __str__(self):
return '<Blog: %s>' % self.title