HttpServletResponse
Web服务器接收到客户的Http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个请求的HttpServletRequest
对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse
- 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要给客户端相应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse
1:简单的分类
- 负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
- 负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
- 响应的状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2:常见应用
1:向浏览器输出信息
2:下载文件
1.要求获取下载文件的路径
2.下载的文件名是啥
3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4.获取下载文件的输入流
5.创建缓冲区
6.获取OutputStream对象
7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.要求获取下载文件的路径
String realPath = "D:\\安装包\\学志软件\\javaweb-02-study\\response\\target\\classes\\1.png";
System.out.println("下载文件的路径:"+realPath);
//2.下载的文件名是啥
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
//3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西 中文的文件名,URLEncoder.encode编码。否则有可能乱码!
//attachment附件
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8"));
//4.获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//5.创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//6.获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区 , 使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
while ((len = in.read(buffer))>0){
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
3: 验证码
验证码怎么来的?
前端实现
后端实现
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//如何让浏览器3秒刷新一次;
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(90, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//得到图片
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) img.getGraphics();//笔
//设置图片的背景颜色
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0,0,90,20);
//给图片写数据
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
//网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//把图片写给 浏览器
ImageIO.write(img,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
}
//生成随机数
public String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(99999999) + "";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 7 - num.length(); i++) {
sb.append("0");
}
num = sb.toString() + num;
return num;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
4:重定向【重点】 response.sendRedirect
B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后,B他会通知A客户端访问另外一个web资源C,这个过程就叫重定向 。 例如:(用户登录操作!!,输入账号密码成功后,将会跳转到别的页面)
用户登录:
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
* resp.setHeader("Location","/response_war/img");
resp.setStatus(302);
*/
resp.sendRedirect("/response_war/img");//重定向
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
配置Servltet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>redirectServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>redirectServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
测试重定向:
1:在index.jsp中写入一个前端页面,输入用户名和密码;
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找项目的路径--%>
<%----%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
2:页面提交到 login 页面;注册一个web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.RequsetText</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
3: 3.编写LoginServlet类
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
System.out.println("进入Login页面!");
System.out.println("=================");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
System.out.println("=================");
System.out.println(req.getContextPath());
//通过请求转发;
//这里的 "/" 代表当前的 web 应用;
// req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);请求转发
resp.sendRedirect("/request_war/success.jsp");//重定向
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问数据库,Http请求中的所有信息就会被封装到一个HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest方法,获得客户端的所有的信息;
1:获取前端参数,请求转发,重定向
- 获取前端的参数
1:重新编写index.jsp文件
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
用户:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="女孩">女孩
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="代码">代码
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="电影">电影
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌
<br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
2:页面跳转login页面,编写login页面,并注册Servlet。
注册一个LoginServlet类
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
System.out.println("进入Login页面!");
System.out.println("=================");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbys));
System.out.println("=================");
System.out.println(req.getContextPath());
//通过请求转发;
//这里的 "/" 代表当前的 web 应用;
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
配置Servlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.Servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
重定向:
跳转成功页面。
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Success</h1>
</body>
</html>
测试结果:
面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发什么区别?
相同点:
- 页面都会跳转
不同点:
- 请求转发的时候,URL地址不会发生改变
- 重定向的时候,URL地址栏会发生改变;
- 转发是服务器行为,重定向是客户端行为 。
- 重定向是两次request ,,第一次,客户端request一个网址,服务器响应,并response回来,告诉浏览器,你应该去别一个网址。
- 请求转发只有一次请求