【高等数学】基本求导法则与导数公式

• 常数和基本初等函数的导数公式
  1. $(C{)}^{\prime }=0$
  2. $(x^{\mu }{)}^{\prime }=\mu x^{\mu -1}$
  3. $(\sin x{)}^{\prime }=\cos x$
  4. $(\cos x{)}^{\prime }=-\sin x$
  5. $(\tan x{)}^{\prime }={\sec }^{2}x$
  6. $(\cot x{)}^{\prime }=-{\csc }^{2}x$
  7. $(\sec x{)}^{\prime }=\sec x\tan x$
  8. $(\csc x{)}^{\prime }=-\csc x\cot x$
  9. $(a^x{)}^{\prime }=a^x\ln a(a>0,a\ne 1)$
  10. $(e^x{)}^{\prime }=e^x$
  11. $({\log }_{a}x{)}^{\prime }=\frac{1}{x\ln a}(a>0,a\ne 1)$
  12. $(\ln x{)}^{\prime }=\frac{1}{x}$
  13. $(\arcsin x{)}^{\prime }=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$
  14. $(\arccos x{)}^{\prime }=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$
  15. $(\arctan x{)}^{\prime }=\frac{1}{1+x^2}$
  16. $(\mathrm{arccot}x{)}^{\prime }=-\frac{1}{1+x^2}$
• 函数的和、差、积、商的求导法则
  设$u=u(x),v=v(x)$都可导，则
  (1) $(u\pm v{)}^{\prime }=u^{\prime }\pm v^{\prime }$
  (2) $(Cu{)}^{\prime }=C{u}^{\prime }(C是常数)$
  (3) $(uv{)}^{\prime }=u^{\prime }v+u{v}^{\prime }$
  (4)$(\frac{u}{v}{)}^{\prime }=\frac{u^{\prime }v-u{v}^{\prime }}{v^2}(v\ne 0)$
• 反函数的求导法则
  设$x=f(y)$在区间$I_y$内单调、可导且$f^{\prime }(y)\ne 0$，则它的反函数$y=f^{-1}(x)$在$I_x=f(I_y)$内也可导，且$$[f^{-1}(x){]}^{\prime }=\frac{1}{f^{\prime }(y)}或\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{\frac{dx}{dy}}$$
• 复合函数的求导法则
  设$y=f(u)$，而$u=g(x)$且$f(x)$及$g(x)$都可导，则复合函数$y=f[g(x)]$的导数为$$\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{dy}{du}\cdot \frac{du}{dx}或y^{\prime }(x)=f^{\prime }(u)\cdot g^{\prime }(x)$$