day10-字符串练习

1. 编写一个程序，交换指定字典的key和value。

     例如:dict1={'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}  -->  dict1={1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c'}
           
   dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
   dict2 = {}
   for key, value in dict1.items():
       dict2[value] = key
   print(dict2)
   

2. 编写一个程序，提取指定字符串中所有的字母，然后拼接在一起产生一个新的字符串

      例如: 传入'12a&bc12d-+'   -->  'abcd'  
   
   str1 = '12a&bc12d-+'
   str2 = ''
   for i in str1:
       if 'a' <= i <='z' or 'A' <= i <= 'Z':
           str2 += i
   print(str2)
   

3. 写一个自己的capitalize函数，能够将指定字符串的首字母变成大写字母

     例如: 'abc' -> 'Abc'   '12asd'  --> '12asd'
           
   str1 = '12abc'
   str2 = ''
   flag = 0
   for i in str1:
       if not ('a' <= i <= 'z'):
           str2 += i
       else:
           if flag < 1:
               if 'a' <= i <= 'z':
                   str2 += chr(ord(i) - 32)
                   flag += 1
           else:
               str2 += i
   print(str2)
   

4. 写程序实现endswith的功能，判断一个字符串是否已指定的字符串结束

      例如: 字符串1:'abc231ab' 字符串2:'ab' 函数结果为: True
           字符串1:'abc231ab' 字符串2:'ab1' 函数结果为: False
   
   str1 = 'abc231ab'
   str2 = 'ab'
   a = len(str1)
   b = len(str2)
   for i in range(-1, (-b+1), -1):
       if str1[i] != str2[i]:
           print(False)
           break
   else:
       print(True)
   
   

5. 写程序实现isdigit的功能，判断一个字符串是否是纯数字字符串

      例如: '1234921'  结果: True
            '23函数'   结果: False
            'a2390'    结果: False
   
   str1 = '123abc一二三'
   for i in str1:
       if not '0' <= i <= '9':
           print(False)
           break
   else:
       print(True)
   
   

6. 写程序实现upper的功能，将一个字符串中所有的小写字母变成大写字母

       例如: 'abH23好rp1'   结果: 'ABH23好RP1' 
   
   str1 = 'abH23好rp1'
   str2 = ''
   count = 0
   for i in str1:
       if not 'a' <= i <= 'z':
           str2 += i
       else:
           str2 += chr(ord(i) - 32)
           count += 1
   if count !=0:
       print(str2)
   else:
       print('输入内容没有需要修改的！')
   

7. 写程序获取指定序列中元素的最大值。如果序列是字典，取字典值的最大值

      例如: 序列:[-7, -12, -1, -9]    结果: -1   
           序列:'abcdpzasdz'    结果: 'z'  
           序列:{'小明':90, '张三': 76, '路飞':30, '小花': 98}   结果: 98
   
   text1 = [-7, -12, -1, -9]
   if type(text1) == str:
       text2 = ''
       max1 = ord(text1[0])
       text2 += text1[0]
       for i in text1:
           value = ord(i)
           if value > max1:
               max1 = value
               text2 += i
       print(text2[len(text2)-1])
   if type(text1) == dict:
       count = 0
       max1 = 0
       text2 = []
       for key, value in text1.items():
           value1 = text1[key]
           if count > 0:
               if value1 > max1:
                   max1 = value1
                   text2.append(text1[key])
           else:
               max1 = value1
               text2.append(text1[key])
       print(text2[len(text2)-1])
   if type(text1) == list:
       text2 = []
       max1 = text1[0]
       text2.append(text1[0])
       for i in text1:
           value = i
           if value > max1:
               max1 = value
               text2.append(i)
       print(text2[len(text2) - 1])
   

8. 写程序实现replace函数的功能，将指定字符串中指定的旧字符串转换成指定的新字符串

       例如: 原字符串: 'how are you? and you?'   旧字符串: 'you'  新字符串:'me'  结果: 'how are me? and me?'
   
   str1 = 'how are you? and you?'
   str2 = 'you'
   str3 = 'me'
   l = len(str1)
   m = len(str2)
   n = len(str3)
   i = 0
   while i <= l-m:
       if str1[i:i + m] == str2:
           str1 = str1[:i] + str3 + str1[i + m:]
           i = i + n
       else:
           i += 1
   print(str1)
   

9. 写程序实现split的功能，将字符串中指定子串作为切割点对字符串进行切割

   例如：原字符串: 'how are you? and you?'   切割点: 'you'  结果: ['how are ', '? and ', '?']
   
   str1 = 'how are you? and you?'
   str2 = 'you'
   str3 = []
   l = len(str2)
   while True:
       index = str1.find(str2)
       if index == -1:
           str3.append(str1)
           break
       else:
           str3.append(str1[:index])
           str1 = str1[index + l:]
   print(str3)
   

10. 用思维导图总结四大容器：列表、字典、元组、集合