5.2 作业

JerryWen1126

已于 2024-05-02 16:49:47 修改

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文章标签： c语言

于 2024-05-02 16:37:41 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45735759/article/details/138394421

版权

本文通过实例展示了C语言中的内存管理技巧，包括动态分配、局部变量、函数指针以及结构体操作，强调了栈与堆的区别，并提到了可能遇到的常见陷阱，如悬空指针和栈溢出。

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//1
void GetMemory_1(char* p){
    p = (char *)malloc(100);//值传递
}

void Test_1(void){
    char* str = NULL;
    GetMemory_1(str);
    strcpy(str, "hello world");//段错误
    printf(str);
}


//2
char* GetMemory_2(void){
    char p[] = "hello world";                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
    return p;//返回局部变量的地址
}

void Test_2(void){
    char* str = NULL;
    str = GetMemory_2();//悬空指针
    printf(str);//段错误或其他垃圾数据
}

//3
void GetMemory_3(char** p, int num){
    *p = (char *)malloc(num);
}

void Test_3(void){
    char* str = NULL;
    GetMemory_3(&str, 100);
    strcpy(str, "hello");
    printf(str);//hello
}

//4
void Test_4(void){
    char* str = (char *)malloc(100);
    strcpy(str, "hello");
    free(str);//free指向已释放的内存区域
    if(str!=NULL){
        strcpy(str, "world");//段错误
        printf(str);
    }
}

//5
int a;//a
int* a;//b
int** a;//c
int a[10];//d
int* a[10];//e
int (*a)[10];//f
int (*a)(int);//g
int (*a[10])(int);//h
int (*(*a)[10])(int);//一个指向有十个函数指针的数组的指针

//6
char str[] = "Hello";//sizeof(str)=6
char* p = str;//sizeof(p)=2
int n = 10;//sizeof(n)=2

//7
void Func(char str[100]){
}
//sizeof(str)=2

//8
void* p = malloc(100);
//sizeof(p)=2

//9
int counter(int i){
    static int count = 0;
    count = count + i;
    return (count);
}

main(){
    int i, j;
    for(i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
        j = counter(i);
}
//b 15

//10
main(){
    struct node{
        int a;
        int b;
        int c;
    };//2+2+2=6
    struct node s = {3,5,6};
    struct node* pt = &s;
    printf("%d", *(int*)pt);
}
//a 3

//11
int foo(int x, int n){
    int val;
    val = 1;
    if(n>0){
        if(n%2==1)
            val = val*x;
        val = val*foo(x*x, n/2);
    }
    return val;
}
//a x^n

//12
main(){
    int a[5] = {1,2,3,4,5};
    int* ptr = (int*)(&a+1);
    printf("%d %d", *(a+1), *(ptr-1));
}
//c 2 5

//13
void foo(int [][3]);
main(){
    int a[3][3] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}};
    foo(a);
    printf("%d", a[2][1]);
}

void foo(int b[][3]){
    ++b;//b->[0][1]
    b[1][1]=9;//b[1][1]=*(*(b+1)+1)=a[2][1]
}
//b 9

//14
main(){
    int a,b,c,d;
    a=3;
    b=5;
    c=a,b;
    d=(a,b);
    printf("c=%d", c);
    printf("d=%d", d);
}
//3 5 c

//15
main(){
    int a[][3] = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
    int (*ptr)[3] = a;
    printf("%d %d", (*ptr)[1], (*ptr)[2]);
    ++ptr;
    printf("%d %d", (*ptr)[1], (*ptr)[2]);
}
//2 3 5 6 a