C++ Primer(第五版)第3章答案

第3章 字符串、向量和数组

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练习3.1

略

练习3.2

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 string s;
 while (getline(cin, s))
  cout << s << endl;
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 string s;
 while (cin >> s)
  cout << s << endl;
 return 0;
}

练习3.3

• cin>>sstring对象会自动忽略开头的空白并从第一个真正的字符开始读起，直到遇见下一处空白为止。
• getline(cin,s)函数从给定的输入流中读入内容，直到遇到换行符为止。

练习3.4

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
int main()
{
 string s1, s2;
 cin >> s1 >> s2;
 if (s1 > s2)
  cout << s1;
 else if (s1 < s2)
  cout << s2;
 else
  cout << "s1==s2";
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
int main()
{
 string s1, s2;
 cin >> s1 >> s2;
 if (s1.size() > s2.size())
  cout << s1;
 else if (s1.size() < s2.size())
  cout << s2;
 else
  cout << "s1==s2";
 return 0;
}

练习3.5

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
int main()
{
 string s0, s;
 while (cin >> s0)
  s += s0;
 cout << s;
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
int main()
{
 string s0, s;
 while (cin >> s0)
  s += s0+" ";
 cout << s;
 return 0;
}

练习3.6

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 string s;
 cin >> s;
 for (char &c : s)
  c = 'X';
 cout << s << endl;
 return 0;
}

练习3.7

输出不会改变输入的结果

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 string s;
 cin >> s;
 for (char c : s)
  c = 'X';
 cout << s << endl;
 return 0;
}

练习3.8

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 string s;
 cin >> s;
 int i = 0;
 while (i < s.size())
  s[i++] = 'X';
 cout << s << endl;
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 string s;
 cin >> s;
 for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
  s[i] = 'X';
 cout << s << endl;
 return 0;
}

范围for语句更好，更加简洁。

练习3.9

非法，使用下标访问空string会引发不可预知的结果，VS2017输出一个空字符。

练习3.10

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
int main()
{
 string s;
 getline(cin, s);
 for (char c : s)
  if (!ispunct(c))
   cout << c;
 return 0;
}

练习3.11

当花括号中没有修改c的操作就是合法的，否则非法。c的类型是const char&

练习3.12

• （a）正确，创建一个vector，里面的元素是vector
• （b）错误，类型不匹配
• （c）正确，创建一个含有10个"null"的vector

练习3.13

• （a）0个元素
• （b）10个0
• （c）10个42
• （d）1个10
• （e）2个元素，分别是10和42
• （f）10个空字符串
• （g）10个"hi"

练习3.14

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
using std::cin;
int main()
{
 vector<int> ivec;
 int i;
 while (cin >> i)
  ivec.push_back(i);
 return 0;
}

练习3.15

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::cin;
int main()
{
 vector<string> text;
 string word;
 while (cin >> word)
  text.push_back(word);
 return 0;
}

练习3.16

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 vector<int> v1;
 vector<int> v2(10);
 vector<int> v3(10, 42);
 vector<int> v4{ 10 };
 vector<int> v5{ 10,42 };
 vector<string> v6{ 10 };
 vector<string> v7{ 10,"hi" };
 cout << "v1: " << v1.size() << " is: ";
 for (auto i1 : v1)
  cout << i1 << " ";
 cout << endl;
 cout << "v2: " << v2.size() << " is: ";
 for (auto i2 : v1)
  cout << i2 << " ";
 cout << endl;
 cout << "v3: " << v3.size() << " is: ";
 for (auto i3 : v3)
  cout << i3 << " ";
 cout << endl;
 cout << "v4: " << v4.size() << " is: ";
 for (auto i4 : v4)
  cout << i4 << " ";
 cout << endl;
 cout << "v5: " << v5.size() << " is: ";
 for (auto i5 : v5)
  cout << i5 << " ";
 cout << endl;
 cout << "v6: " << v6.size() << " is: ";
 for (auto i6 : v6)
  cout << i6 << " ";
 cout << endl;
 cout << "v7: " << v7.size() << " is: ";
 for (auto i7 : v7)
  cout << i7 << " ";
 cout << endl;
 return 0;
}

练习3.17

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 vector<string> text;
 string word;
 while (cin >> word)
  text.push_back(word);
 for (string &s : text)
 {
  for (char &c : s)
   c = toupper(c);
 }
 for (string &s0 : text)
  cout << s0 << endl;
 return 0;
}

练习3.18

非法，修改如下

vector<int> ivec;
ivec.push_back(42);

练习3.19

vector<int> ivec1(10,42);
vector<int> ivec2{42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42,42};
vector<int> ivec3;
for (int i=0;i<10;++i)
 ivec3.push_back(42);

第一种更好，更加简洁。

练习3.20

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
 vector<int> ivec;
 int num = 0;
 while (cin >> num)
  ivec.push