#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
double rec(int,double);
int main() {
int t,n;
double x;
scanf("%d",&t);
for(;t>0;t--){
scanf("%d %lf",&n,&x);
printf("%.3lf\n",rec(n,x));
}
return 0;
}
double rec(int n,double x){
if(n==1) return(sqrt(n+x));//sqrt即为平方根函数
else return(sqrt(n+rec(n-1,x)));
}