Python中的pymysql模块（数据库）

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-24 17:29:14 发布

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分类专栏： Python 运维文章标签： python 数据库 mysql 游标 pycharm

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Python中的pymysql模块（数据库）

1. 环境配置
2. 连接数据库并创建表
- 2.1 数据库连接对象
- 2.2 Connection对象常用的方法
3. 创建数据表
4. 插入数据
- 4.1插入一条数据（提交数据）
- 4.2 插入多条数据
5. 查询数据
6. 游标的移动

1. 环境配置

需要在自己的linux 中安装mariadb-server 程序（端口为3306)，并且开启。
注意：不能进行网络的安全设定（vim /etc/my.cf vim skip-networking=1)，因为通过网络来在pycharm中进行操作。
设定root用户登录mysql的密码
创建一个数据库
在pycharm中导入pymysql模块。(或者，在联网的情况下，执行下列命令。)

在这里插入图片描述

2. 连接数据库并创建表

2.1 数据库连接对象

在python中可以使用pymysql.connect()方法创建Connection对象，该方法的常用参数如下：

对象	用法
host	连接的数据库服务器主机名，默认为本地主机（localhost）；字符串类型（String）
user	用户名，默认为当前用户；字符串类型（String）
passwd	密码，无默认值；字符串类（String）
db	数据库名称，无默认值；字符串类型（String）
port	指定数据库服务器的连接端口，默认为3306；整型（int）
charset	连接字符集；字符串类型（String）

2.2 Connection对象常用的方法

方法	说明
cursor()	使用当前连接创建并返回游标
commit()	提交当前事务
rollback()	回滚当前事务
close()	关闭当前连接

cursor对象	用法
execute()	执行数据库查询或命令
executemany()	插入多条

3. 创建数据表

import pymysql
# 1.连接数据库
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                       user='root',
                       password='redhat',
                       db='westos',
                       charset='utf8'
)

# 2.创建游标对象
cur = conn.cursor()

# 3.对数据库操作
######创建数据表#############
try:
    create_sqli = 'create table hello (id int,name varchar(30));'
    cur.execute(create_sqli)
except Exception as e:
    print('创建数据表失败:',e)
else:
    print('创建数据成功')

输出结果：

创建数据成功

可以在mariadb中看到，数据库westos中新增了数据表hello：
在这里插入图片描述

4. 插入数据

用法	说明
cur= conn.cursor()	conn表示连接数据库，对数据的操作需要通过cursor来实现
cur.execute(self, query, args)	执行单条sql语句,接收的参数为sql语句本身和使用的参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数

4.1插入一条数据（提交数据）

import pymysql
# 1.连接数据库
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                       user='root',
                       password='redhat',
                       db='westos',
                       charset='utf8',
                       autocommit='True'
)

# 2.创建游标对象
cur = conn.cursor()

# 3.对数据库操作
######插入数据
try:
    inser_sqli = "insert into hello values(3,'apple');"
    cur.execute(inser_sqli)
except Exception as e:
    print('插入数据失败:',e)
else:
    # 如果是插入数据 一定要提交的 不然数据库中找不到要插入的数据
    conn.commit()
    print('插入数据成功！！')

输出结果：

插入数据成功！！

可以在mariadb中看到，在数据表hello中插入了一条数据：
在这里插入图片描述

4.2 插入多条数据

方法1：

import pymysql
# 1.连接数据库
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                       user='root',
                       password='redhat',
                       db='westos',
                       charset='utf8',
                       autocommit='True'
)

# 2.创建游标对象
cur = conn.cursor()

# 3.对数据库操作
#####插入多条数据
try:
    info = [(i,i) for i in range(100,1000)]
    # 第一种方式
    inser_sqli = "insert into hello values(%d,'%s');"
    for item in info:
        print('insert语句：',inser_sqli %item)
        cur.execute(inser_sqli %item)
except Exception as e:
    print('插入多条数据失败:',e)
else:
    print('插入多条数据成功')

方法2：

import pymysql
# 1.连接数据库
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                       user='root',
                       password='123',
                       db='westos',
                       charset='utf8',
                       autocommit='True'
)

# 2.创建游标对象
cur = conn.cursor()

# 3.对数据库操作
#####插入多条数据
try:
    info = [(i,i) for i in range(100,1000)]
    # 第二种方式
    inser_sqli = "insert into hello values('%s','%s');"
    cur.executemany(inser_sqli, info)
except Exception as e:
    print('插入多条数据失败:',e)
else:
    print('插入多条数据成功')

输出结果：
在这里插入图片描述
可以在mariadb中看到，在数据表hello中插入了多条数据：

5. 查询数据

import pymysql
# 1.连接数据库
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                       user='root',
                       password='redhat',
                       db='westos',
                       charset='utf8',
                       autocommit='True'
)

# 2.创建游标对象
cur = conn.cursor()

# 3.对数据库操作
#####查询数据库
sqli = 'select * from hello'
# 默认不返回查询结果集 返回的是数据记录数
result = cur.execute(sqli)
print(result)
a = cur.fetchone()  #获取单条数据
print(a)
#获取下一条查询结果集
print(cur.fetchone())
print(cur.fetchone())
#获取指定个数查询结果集
print(cur.fetchmany(4))
#取出数据库中剩余的数据
info = cur.fetchall()
print(info)

输出结果：

901
(3, 'apple')
(100, '100')
(101, '101')
((102, '102'), (103, '103'), (104, '104'), (105, '105'))
((106, '106'), (107, '107'), (108, '108'), (109, '109'), (110, '110'), (111, '111'), (112, '112'), (113, '113'), (114, '114'), (115, '115'), (116, '116'), (117, '117'), (118, '118'), (119, '119'), (120, '120'), (121, '121'), (122, '122'), (123, '123'), (124, '124'), (125, '125'), (126, '126'), (127, '127'), (128, '128'), (129, '129'), (130, '130'), (131, '131'), (132, '132'), (133, '133'), (134, '134'), (135, '135'), (136, '136'), (137, '137'), (138, '138'), (139, '139'), (140, '140'), (141, '141'), (142, '142'), (143, '143'), (144, '144'), (145, '145'), (146, '146'), (147, '147'), (148, '148'), (149, '149'), (150, '150'), (151, '151'), (152, '152'), (153, '153'), (154, '154'), (155, '155'), (156, '156'), (157, '157'), (158, '158'), (159, '159'), (160, '160'), (161, '161'), (162, '162'), (163, '163'), (164, '164'), (165, '165'), (166, '166'), (167, '167'), (168, '168'), (169, '169'), (170, '170'), (171, '171'), (172, '172'), (173, '173'), (174, '174'), (175, '175'), (176, '176'), (177, 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6. 游标的移动

可以通过cursor.scroll(position, mode=“relative | absolute”)方法，来设置相对位置游标和绝对位置游标

当mode='absolute’时，代表绝对移动。value就代表移动的绝对位置，value=0就代表移动到位置0处，就是结果集开头，value=3就是移动到位置3处，也就是第4条记录处
mode缺省值为’relative’，代表相对移动。当mode='relative’时，value就是移动的长度，value>0向后移动（比从位置1移动到位置2），value<0向前移动（比如从位置2移动到位置1）

import pymysql
# 1.连接数据库
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                       user='root',
                       password='redhat',
                       db='westos',
                       charset='utf8',
                       autocommit='True'
)

# 2.创建游标对象
cur = conn.cursor()

# 3.对数据库操作
#####查询数据库
sqli = 'select * from hello'
# 默认不返回查询结果集 返回的是数据记录数
result = cur.execute(sqli)
print(cur.fetchmany(3))
print('移动到指针最开始的地方...')
cur.scroll(0,'absolute')
print(cur.fetchmany(3))
print(cur.fetchmany(2))
print(cur.fetchall())
cur.scroll(-2,mode='relative')
print(cur.fetchmany(2))

输出结果：

((3, 'apple'), (100, '100'), (101, '101'))
移动到指针最开始的地方...
((3, 'apple'), (100, '100'), (101, '101'))
((102, '102'), (103, '103'))
((104, '104'), (105, '105'), (106, '106'), (107, '107'), (108, '108'), (109, '109'), (110, '110'), (111, '111'), (112, '112'), (113, '113'), (114, '114'), (115, '115'), (116, '116'), (117, '117'), (118, '118'), (119, '119'), (120, '120'), (121, '121'), (122, '122'), (123, '123'), (124, '124'), (125, '125'), (126, '126'), (127, '127'), (128, '128'), (129, '129'), (130, '130'), (131, '131'), (132, '132'), (133, '133'), (134, '134'), (135, '135'), (136, '136'), (137, '137'), (138, '138'), (139, '139'), (140, '140'), (141, '141'), (142, '142'), (143, '143'), (144, '144'), (145, '145'), (146, '146'), (147, '147'), (148, '148'), (149, '149'), (150, '150'), (151, '151'), (152, '152'), (153, '153'), (154, '154'), (155, '155'), (156, '156'), (157, '157'), (158, '158'), (159, '159'), (160, '160'), (161, '161'), (162, '162'), (163, '163'), (164, '164'), (165, '165'), (166, '166'), (167, '167'), (168, '168'), (169, '169'), (170, '170'), (171, '171'), (172, '172'), (173, '173'), (174, '174'), (175, '175'), (176, '176'), (177, '177'), (178, '178'), (179, '179'), (180, '180'), (181, '181'), (182, '182'), (183, '183'), (184, '184'), (185, '185'), (186, '186'), (187, '187'), (188, '188'), (189, '189'), (190, '190'), (191, '191'), (192, '192'), (193, '193'), (194, '194'), (195, '195'), (196, '196'), (197, '197'), (198, '198'), (199, '199'), (200, '200'), (201, '201'), (202, '202'), (203, '203'), (204, '204'), (205, '205'), (206, '206'), (207, '207'), (208, '208'), (209, '209'), (210, '210'), (211, '211'), (212, '212'), (213, '213'), (214, '214'), (215, '215'), (216, '216'), (217, '217'), (218, '218'), (219, '219'), (220, '220'), (221, '221'), (222, '222'), (223, '223'), (224, '224'), (225, '225'), (226, '226'), (227, '227'), (228, '228'), (229, '229'), (230, '230'), (231, '231'), (232, '232'), (233, '233'), (234, '234'), (235, '235'), (236, '236'), (237, '237'), (238, '238'), (239, '239'), (240, '240'), (241, '241'), (242, '242'), (243, '243'), (244, '244'), (245, '245'), (246, '246'), (247, '247'), (248, '248'), (249, '249'), (250, '250'), (251, '251'), (252, '252'), (253, '253'), (254, '254'), (255, '255'), (256, '256'), (257, '257'), (258, '258'), (259, '259'), (260, '260'), (261, '261'), (262, '262'), (263, '263'), (264, '264'), (265, '265'), (266, '266'), (267, '267'), (268, '268'), (269, '269'), (270, '270'), (271, '271'), (272, '272'), (273, '273'), (274, '274'), (275, '275'), (276, '276'), (277, '277'), (278, '278'), (279, '279'), (280, '280'), (281, '281'), (282, '282'), (283, '283'), (284, '284'), (285, '285'), (286, '286'), (287, '287'), (288, '288'), (289, '289'), (290, '290'), (291, '291'), (292, '292'), (293, '293'), (294, '294'), (295, '295'), (296, '296'), (297, '297'), (298, '298'), (299, '299'), (300, '300'), (301, '301'), (302, '302'), (303, '303'), (304, '304'), (305, '305'), (306, '306'), (307, '307'), (308, '308'), (309, '309'), (310, '310'), (311, '311'), (312, '312'), (313, '313'), (314, '314'), (315, '315'), (316, '316'), (317, '317'), (318, '318'), (319, '319'), (320, '320'), (321, '321'), (322, '322'), (323, '323'), (324, '324'), (325, '325'), (326, '326'), (327, '327'), (328, '328'), (329, '329'), (330, '330'), (331, '331'), (332, '332'), (333, '333'), (334, '334'), (335, '335'), (336, '336'), (337, '337'), (338, '338'), (339, '339'), (340, '340'), (341, '341'), (342, '342'), (343, '343'), (344, '344'), (345, '345'), (346, '346'), (347, '347'), (348, '348'), (349, '349'), (350, '350'), (351, '351'), (352, '352'), (353, '353'), (354, '354'), (355, '355'), (356, '356'), (357, '357'), (358, '358'), (359, '359'), (360, '360'), (361, '361'), (362, '362'), (363, '363'), (364, '364'), (365, '365'), (366, '366'), (367, '367'), (368, '368'), (369, '369'), (370, '370'), (371, '371'), (372, '372'), (373, '373'), (374, '374'), (375, '375'), (376, '376'), (377, '377'), (378, '378'), (379, '379'), (380, '380'), (381, '381'), (382, '382'), (383, '383'), (384, '384'), (385, '385'), (386, '386'), (387, '387'), (388, 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'885'), (886, '886'), (887, '887'), (888, '888'), (889, '889'), (890, '890'), (891, '891'), (892, '892'), (893, '893'), (894, '894'), (895, '895'), (896, '896'), (897, '897'), (898, '898'), (899, '899'), (900, '900'), (901, '901'), (902, '902'), (903, '903'), (904, '904'), (905, '905'), (906, '906'), (907, '907'), (908, '908'), (909, '909'), (910, '910'), (911, '911'), (912, '912'), (913, '913'), (914, '914'), (915, '915'), (916, '916'), (917, '917'), (918, '918'), (919, '919'), (920, '920'), (921, '921'), (922, '922'), (923, '923'), (924, '924'), (925, '925'), (926, '926'), (927, '927'), (928, '928'), (929, '929'), (930, '930'), (931, '931'), (932, '932'), (933, '933'), (934, '934'), (935, '935'), (936, '936'), (937, '937'), (938, '938'), (939, '939'), (940, '940'), (941, '941'), (942, '942'), (943, '943'), (944, '944'), (945, '945'), (946, '946'), (947, '947'), (948, '948'), (949, '949'), (950, '950'), (951, '951'), (952, '952'), (953, '953'), (954, '954'), (955, '955'), (956, '956'), (957, '957'), (958, '958'), (959, '959'), (960, '960'), (961, '961'), (962, '962'), (963, '963'), (964, '964'), (965, '965'), (966, '966'), (967, '967'), (968, '968'), (969, '969'), (970, '970'), (971, '971'), (972, '972'), (973, '973'), (974, '974'), (975, '975'), (976, '976'), (977, '977'), (978, '978'), (979, '979'), (980, '980'), (981, '981'), (982, '982'), (983, '983'), (984, '984'), (985, '985'), (986, '986'), (987, '987'), (988, '988'), (989, '989'), (990, '990'), (991, '991'), (992, '992'), (993, '993'), (994, '994'), (995, '995'), (996, '996'), (997, '997'), (998, '998'), (999, '999'))
((998, '998'), (999, '999'))

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Python中的pymysql模块（数据库）

Python中的pymysql模块1. 环境配置2. 连接数据库并创建表2.1 数据库连接对象2.2 Connection对象常用的方法3. 创建数据表4. 插入数据4.1插入一条数据（提交数据）4.2 插入多条数据5. 查询数据6. 游标的移动1. 环境配置需要在自己的linux 中安装mariadb-server 程序（端口为3306)，并且开启。注意：不能进行网络的安全设定（vim ...
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