SimpleDateFormat 中的12小时制与24小时制

欲以当前时间作为唯一标识来为生成文件命名，遇到12小时制的问题，由于存在重复的可能，故查找相关内容。

效果展示

如图，实际时间为晚间的八点多，上为24小时制，下为12小时制。

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重点内容

核心即在于为 SimpleDateFormat 指定格式 pattern 时输入的字符。

• 12小时制：使用 hh 代表小时。

	SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhhmmss"); 
	...
	String fileName = "generate_data_" + sdf.format(System.currentTimeMillis());

• 24小时制：使用 HH 代表小时。

	SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); 
	...
	String fileName = "generate_data_" + sdf.format(System.currentTimeMillis())

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相关内容

上一部分中可以看到， SimpleDateFormat 的简单使用，主要就是一个构造方法和一个 format() 方法。

构造方法

摘取最上层的源码展示，有兴趣可以深入查看，大致了解一下时间系列类的逻辑和结构设计。

	/**
     * Constructs a <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> using the given pattern and
     * the default date format symbols for the default
     * {@link java.util.Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
     * <b>Note:</b> This constructor may not support all locales.
     * For full coverage, use the factory methods in the {@link DateFormat}
     * class.
     * <p>This is equivalent to calling
     * {@link #SimpleDateFormat(String, Locale)
     *     SimpleDateFormat(pattern, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT))}.
     *
     * @see java.util.Locale#getDefault(java.util.Locale.Category)
     * @see java.util.Locale.Category#FORMAT
     * @param pattern the pattern describing the date and time format
     * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern is null
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid
     */
    public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern)
    {
        this(pattern, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
    }

	/**
     * Constructs a <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> using the given pattern and
     * the default date format symbols for the given locale.
     * <b>Note:</b> This constructor may not support all locales.
     * For full coverage, use the factory methods in the {@link DateFormat}
     * class.
     *
     * @param pattern the pattern describing the date and time format
     * @param locale the locale whose date format symbols should be used
     * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern or locale is null
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid
     */
    public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, Locale locale)
    {
        if (pattern == null || locale == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }

        initializeCalendar(locale);
        this.pattern = pattern;
        this.formatData = DateFormatSymbols.getInstanceRef(locale);
        this.locale = locale;
        initialize(locale);
    }

format()

在上一节中传入的 System.currentTimeMillis() 可以直接被解析是因为该方法返回的本身即是时间，摘取部分源码如下，有兴趣深入了解的鼓励自己研究具体源码。

• java.text.Format

	/**
     * Formats an object to produce a string. This is equivalent to
     * <blockquote>
     * {@link #format(Object, StringBuffer, FieldPosition) format}<code>(obj,
     *         new StringBuffer(), new FieldPosition(0)).toString();</code>
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @param obj    The object to format
     * @return       Formatted string.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the Format cannot format the given
     *            object
     */
    public final String format (Object obj) {
        return format(obj, new StringBuffer(), new FieldPosition(0)).toString();
    }

• java.util.Date

	/**
     * Allocates a {@code Date} object and initializes it so that
     * it represents the time at which it was allocated, measured to the
     * nearest millisecond.
     *
     * @see     java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis()
     */
    public Date() {
        this(System.currentTimeMillis());
    }

• java.lang.System

	/**
     * Returns the current time in milliseconds.  Note that
     * while the unit of time of the return value is a millisecond,
     * the granularity of the value depends on the underlying
     * operating system and may be larger.  For example, many
     * operating systems measure time in units of tens of
     * milliseconds.
     *
     * <p> See the description of the class {@code Date} for
     * a discussion of slight discrepancies that may arise between
     * "computer time" and coordinated universal time (UTC).
     *
     * @return  the difference, measured in milliseconds, between
     *          the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC.
     * @see     java.util.Date
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public static native long currentTimeMillis();