实验二 mykernel 实验指导(操作系统是如何工作的)
mykernel 启动后,会调用 my_start_kernel 函数,完成进程的初始化,时钟中断周期性地调用 my_timer_handler函数,完成进程的调度。
1、在实验楼虚拟机中打开shell终端并输入代码
如图所示:
之后使用make命令编译内核:
编译完成后输入qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage可以看到循环停不下来,程序存在问题。
2、完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序
根据计算机工作的三个法宝是存储程序计算机、函数调用堆栈、中断机制。mykernel 启动后,会调用 my_start_kernel 函数,完成进程的初始化,时钟中断周期性地调用 my_timer_handler函数,完成进程的调度。
扩展 my_start_kernel 和 my_timer_handler 函数,即修改 mymain.c 和 myinterrupt.c,新增 mypcb.h,模拟时间片轮转的多道程序.
增加一个mypcb.h
define MAX_TASK_NUM 4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;
unsigned long sp;
};
typedef struct PCB{
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;
struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void);
将mymain.c代码修改为
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
void my_process(void);
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
task[i].state = -1;
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
void my_process(void)
{
int i = 0;
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
my_need_sched = 0;
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
再将myinterrupt.c修改为:
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
/*
* Called by timer interrupt.
* it runs in the name of current running process,
* so it use kernel stack of current running process
*/
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
my_need_sched = 1;
}
time_count ++ ;
return;
}
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
return;
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushq %%rbp\n\t" /* save rbp of prev */
"movq %%rsp,%0\n\t" /* save rsp of prev */
"movq %2,%%rsp\n\t" /* restore rsp of next */
"movq $lf,%1\n\t" /* save rip of prev */
"pushq %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore rip of next */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popq %%rbp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}
根据以上代码修改后,返回cd ~/LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4再经过 make 重新编译之后生效。再次运行命令:qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage,结果如下:
总结
根据本次实验,我们可以发现,计算机在为每个进程分配一个时间片,当如果在时间片结束时进程仍在运行,遇到中断信号,计算机的CPU会把当前正在执行的EIP寄存器压栈,后把EIP指向中断程序入口保现场。等结束后在恢复现场,恢复EIP寄存器,继续执行下一条指令,执行完后再返回原进程执行,从而完成进程调度。计算机这样的操作系统可以让多个程序能够实现并发工作。