一张图搞懂MySQL的索引失效

全值匹配（索引最佳）

explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 and pos = 'cxy' and phone = '18730658760';

和索引顺序无关，MySQL底层的优化器会进行优化，调整索引的顺序

explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 and pos = 'cxy' and phone = '18730658760';

1、违反最左前缀法则

如果索引有多列，要遵守最左前缀法则
即查询从索引的最左前列开始并且不跳过索引中的列
explain select * from user where age = 20 and phone = '18730658760' and pos = 'cxy';

2、在索引列上做任何操作

如计算、函数、（自动or手动）类型转换等操作，会导致索引失效从而全表扫描
explain select * from user where left(name,5) = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 and phone = '18730658760';

3、索引范围条件右边的列

索引范围条件右边的索引列会失效
explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age > 20 and pos = 'cxy';

4、尽量使用覆盖索引

只访问索引查询（索引列和查询列一致），减少select*
explain select name,age,pos,phone from user where age = 20;

5、使用不等于（!=、<>）

mysql在使用不等于（!=、<>）的时候无法使用索引会导致全表扫描（除覆盖索引外）
explain select * from user where age != 20;
explain select * from user where age <> 20;

更多MySQL的索引失效总结，请查看原文：https://developer.aliyun.com/article/741403?utm_content=g_1000097870