在 一起来学SpringBoot | 第二十二篇:轻松搞定重复提交(一) 一文中介绍了 单机版的重复提交解决方案,在如今这个分布式与集群横行的世道中,那怎么够用呢,所以本章重点来了....
重复提交(分布式)
单机版中我们用的是 Guava Cache,但是这玩意存在集群的时候就凉了, 所以我们还是要借助类似Redis、ZooKeeper 之类的中间件实现分布式锁。
本章目标
利用 自定义注解、 Spring Aop、 Redis Cache 实现分布式锁,你想锁表单锁表单,想锁接口锁接口….
具体代码
也很简单…
导入依赖
在 pom.xml 中添加上 starter-web、 starter-aop、 starter-data-redis 的依赖即可
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
属性配置
在 application.properites 资源文件中添加 redis 相关的配置项
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.password=battcn
CacheLock 注解
创建一个 CacheLock 注解,本章内容都是实战使用过的,所以属性配置会相对完善了,话不多说注释都给各位写齐全了….
prefix: 缓存中 key 的前缀
expire: 过期时间,此处默认为 5 秒
timeUnit: 超时单位,此处默认为秒
delimiter: key 的分隔符,将不同参数值分割开来
package com.battcn.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface CacheLock {
String prefix() default "";
int expire() default 5;
TimeUnit timeUnit() default TimeUnit.SECONDS;
String delimiter() default ":";
}
CacheParam 注解
上一篇中给说过 key 的生成规则是自己定义的,如果通过表达式语法自己得去写解析规则还是比较麻烦的,所以依旧是用注解的方式…
package com.battcn.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface CacheParam {
String name() default "";
}
Key 生成策略(接口)
创建一个 CacheKeyGenerator 具体实现由使用者自己去注入
public interface CacheKeyGenerator {
String getLockKey(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp);
}
Key 生成策略(实现)
解析过程虽然看上去优点绕,但认真阅读或者调试就会发现,主要是解析带 CacheLock 注解的属性,获取对应的属性值,生成一个全新的缓存 Key
package com.battcn.interceptor;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheParam;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
public class LockKeyGenerator implements CacheKeyGenerator {
@Override
public String getLockKey(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
CacheLock lockAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(CacheLock.class);
final Object[] args = pjp.getArgs();
final Parameter[] parameters = method.getParameters();
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
final CacheParam annotation = parameters[i].getAnnotation(CacheParam.class);
if (annotation == null) {
continue;
}
builder.append(lockAnnotation.delimiter()).append(args[i]);
}
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(builder.toString())) {
final Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations();
for (int i = 0; i < parameterAnnotations.length; i++) {
final Object object = args[i];
final Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
final CacheParam annotation = field.getAnnotation(CacheParam.class);
if (annotation == null) {
continue;
}
field.setAccessible(true);
builder.append(lockAnnotation.delimiter()).append(ReflectionUtils.getField(field, object));
}
}
}
return lockAnnotation.prefix() + builder.toString();
}
}
Lock 拦截器(AOP)
熟悉 Redis 的朋友都知道它是线程安全的,我们利用它的特性可以很轻松的实现一个分布式锁,如 opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key,value)它的作用就是如果缓存中没有当前 Key 则进行缓存同时返回 true 反之亦然; 当缓存后给 key 在设置个过期时间,防止因为系统崩溃而导致锁迟迟不释放形成死锁; 那么我们是不是可以这样认为当返回 true 我们认为它获取到锁了,在锁未释放的时候我们进行异常的抛出….
package com.battcn.interceptor;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock;
import com.battcn.utils.RedisLockHelper;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.UUID;
@Aspect
@Configuration
public class LockMethodInterceptor {
@Autowired
public LockMethodInterceptor(RedisLockHelper redisLockHelper, CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator) {
this.redisLockHelper = redisLockHelper;
this.cacheKeyGenerator = cacheKeyGenerator;
}
private final RedisLockHelper redisLockHelper;
private final CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator;
@Around("execution(public * *(..)) && @annotation(com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock)")
public Object interceptor(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
CacheLock lock = method.getAnnotation(CacheLock.class);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(lock.prefix())) {
throw new RuntimeException("lock key don't null...");
}
final String lockKey = cacheKeyGenerator.getLockKey(pjp);
String value = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
try {
final boolean success = redisLockHelper.lock(lockKey, value, lock.expire(), lock.timeUnit());
if (!success) {
throw new RuntimeException("重复提交");
}
try {
return pjp.proceed();
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
throw new RuntimeException("系统异常");
}
} finally {
redisLockHelper.unlock(lockKey, value);
}
}
}
RedisLockHelper
通过封装成 API 方式调用,灵活度更加高
package com.battcn.utils;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStringCommands;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisCallback;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.types.Expiration;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class RedisLockHelper {
private static final String DELIMITER = "|";
private static final ScheduledExecutorService EXECUTOR_SERVICE = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
public RedisLockHelper(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) {
this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate;
}
public boolean tryLock(final String lockKey, final String value, final long time, final TimeUnit unit) {
return stringRedisTemplate.execute((RedisCallback<Boolean>) connection -> connection.set(lockKey.getBytes(), value.getBytes(), Expiration.from(time, unit), RedisStringCommands.SetOption.SET_IF_ABSENT));
}
public boolean lock(String lockKey, final String uuid, long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) {
final long milliseconds = Expiration.from(timeout, unit).getExpirationTimeInMilliseconds();
boolean success = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(lockKey, (System.currentTimeMillis() + milliseconds) + DELIMITER + uuid);
if (success) {
stringRedisTemplate.expire(lockKey, timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} else {
String oldVal = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().getAndSet(lockKey, (System.currentTimeMillis() + milliseconds) + DELIMITER + uuid);
final String[] oldValues = oldVal.split(Pattern.quote(DELIMITER));
if (Long.parseLong(oldValues[0]) + 1 <= System.currentTimeMillis()) {
return true;
}
}
return success;
}
public void unlock(String lockKey, String value) {
unlock(lockKey, value, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
public void unlock(final String lockKey, final String uuid, long delayTime, TimeUnit unit) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(lockKey)) {
return;
}
if (delayTime <= 0) {
doUnlock(lockKey, uuid);
} else {
EXECUTOR_SERVICE.schedule(() -> doUnlock(lockKey, uuid), delayTime, unit);
}
}
private void doUnlock(final String lockKey, final String uuid) {
String val = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lockKey);
final String[] values = val.split(Pattern.quote(DELIMITER));
if (values.length <= 0) {
return;
}
if (uuid.equals(values[1])) {
stringRedisTemplate.delete(lockKey);
}
}
}
控制层
在接口上添加 @CacheLock(prefix = "books"),然后动态的值可以加上 @CacheParam;生成后的新 key 将被缓存起来;( 如:该接口 token = 1,那么最终的 key 值为 books:1,如果多个条件则依次类推)
package com.battcn.controller;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
@CacheLock(prefix = "books")
@GetMapping
public String query(@CacheParam(name = "token") @RequestParam String token) {
return "success - " + token;
}
}
主函数
这里需要注入前面定义好的 CacheKeyGenerator 接口具体实现…
package com.battcn;
import com.battcn.interceptor.CacheKeyGenerator;
import com.battcn.interceptor.LockKeyGenerator;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Chapter22Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Chapter22Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
public CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator() {
return new LockKeyGenerator();
}
}
测试
完成准备事项后,启动 Chapter22Application 自行测试即可,测试手段相信大伙都不陌生了,如 浏览器、 postman、 junit、 swagger,此处基于 postman,如果你觉得自带的异常信息不够友好,那么配上 一起来学SpringBoot | 第十八篇:轻松搞定全局异常 可以轻松搞定…
第一次请求
第二次请求
总结
目前很多大佬都写过关于 SpringBoot 的教程了,如有雷同,请多多包涵,本教程基于最新的 spring-boot-starter-parent:2.0.2.RELEASE编写,包括新版本的特性都会一起介绍…