最新版 Docker 安装 Nginx

1、在Docker中查询Nginx

[root@shiqi /]# docker search nginx
#查询结果
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        15666     [OK]       
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   2080                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   818                  [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager          Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   259                  
linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   157                  
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp               Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   142                  [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager       Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        140                  [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp                   NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou…   110                  [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp            Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI…   95                   [OK]
nginxdemos/hello                  NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   74                   [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine       PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al…   59                   [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress               NGINX and  NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo…   55                   
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged       Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  54                   
staticfloat/nginx-certbot         Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo…   25                   [OK]
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy            Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   23                   
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter   NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN…   21                   
schmunk42/nginx-redirect          A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   19                   [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   15                   
centos/nginx-18-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   13                   
raulr/nginx-wordpress             Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f…   13                   [OK]
flashspys/nginx-static            Super Lightweight Nginx Image                   11                   [OK]
mailu/nginx                       Mailu nginx frontend                            9                    [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter         Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a…   7                    [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb   An APB to deploy NGINX                          2                    [OK]
wodby/nginx                       Generic nginx                                   1                    [OK]

2、选择最新版本安装

[root@shiqi /]# docker pull nginx
#安装成功
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
b380bbd43752: Pull complete 
fca7e12d1754: Pull complete 
745ab57616cb: Pull complete 
a4723e260b6f: Pull complete 
1c84ebdff681: Pull complete 
858292fd2e56: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:644a70516a26004c97d0d85c7fe1d0c3a67ea8ab7ddf4aff193d9f301670cf36
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

3、查询Docker容器中的镜像

[root@shiqi /]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    87a94228f133   8 days ago    133MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 weeks ago   231MB

4、启动Nginx

# -d 后台运行
# --name 给容器命名
# -p 外部服务器端口:内部服务器端口 （因为浏览器中默认80端口，所以在网页测试的时候没有输入端口号。如果修改其它的端口号需要确认阿里云中是否开放该端口号）
[root@shiqi /]# docker run --name nginxtest -p 80:80 -d nginx
dab4794854622af98ae8494269cc35cd39bf926933d8077905797d0ba7538f59

这个图是狂神讲解Nginx安装的时候，用于利于理解 外部端口：内部端口
Docker 的思想来源于集装箱！
容器（container）：Docker 利用容器技术，独立运行一个或者一个组应用，通过镜像来创建的。容器的实质是进程，但与直接在宿主执行的进程不同，容器进程运行于属于自己的独立的命名空间。因此容器可以拥有自己的root 文件系统、自己的网络配置、自己的进程空间，甚至自己的用户ID 空间。容器内的进程是运行在一个隔离的环境里，使用起来，就好像是在一个独立于宿主的系统下操作一样。这种特性使得容器封装的应用比直接在宿主运行更加安全。

启动，停止，删除，基本命令！

目前就可以把这个容器理解为就是一个简易的linux系统。

5、查询是否启动Nginx镜像

[root@shiqi /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
dab479485462   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   nginxtest

或者在网页输入自己的阿里云地址查看是否允许成功

6、停止Nginx

[root@shiqi /]# docker stop 容器id/刚刚自己定义的名字
[root@shiqi /]# docker stop nginxtest
#停止成功
[root@shiqi /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
#网页也是访问失败

7、删除Nginx容器

#容器停止之后，继续存在
[root@shiqi /]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
0f958d2946ed
#将Nginx容器删除完成