通过数据结构实现对链表的一般操作

代码：

# include <stdio.h>
# include <malloc.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <stdbool.h>

typedef struct Node
{
	int data; //数据域
	struct Node * pNext; //指针域
}NODE, *PNODE; //NODE等价于struct Node    PNODE等价于struct Node *

//函数声明
PNODE create_list(void);
void traverse_list(PNODE pHead);
bool is_empty(PNODE pHead);
int length_list(PNODE);
bool insert_list(PNODE, int, int);  //在pHead所指向链表的第pos个节点的前面插入一个新的结点，该节点的值是val， 并且pos的值是从1开始
bool delete_list(PNODE, int, int *);
void sort_list(PNODE);


int main(void)
{
	PNODE pHead = NULL; //等价于 struct Node * pHead = NULL;
	int val;

	pHead = create_list();  //create_list()功能：创建一个非循环单链表，并将该链表的头结点的地址付给pHead
	traverse_list(pHead);
	
	//insert_list(pHead, -4, 33);
	if ( delete_list(pHead, 4, &val) )
	{
		printf("删除成功，您删除的元素是: %d\n", val);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("删除失败!您删除的元素不存在!\n");
	}

	traverse_list(pHead);
	
	//int len = length_list(pHead);
	//printf("链表的长度是%d\n", len);

	//sort_list(pHead);
	//traverse_list(pHead);
	
/*	if ( is_empty(pHead) )
		printf("链表为空!\n");
	else
		printf("链表不空!\n");
*/
	return 0;
}

PNODE create_list(void)
{
	int len;  //用来存放有效节点的个数
	int i;
	int val; //用来临时存放用户输入的结点的值

	//分配了一个不存放有效数据的头结点
	PNODE pHead = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
	if (NULL == pHead)
	{
		printf("分配失败, 程序终止!\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	PNODE pTail = pHead;
	pTail->pNext = NULL;

	printf("请输入您需要生成的链表节点的个数: len = ");
	scanf("%d", &len);
	
	for (i=0; i<len; ++i)
	{
		printf("请输入第%d个节点的值: ", i+1);
		scanf("%d", &val);
		
		PNODE pNew = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
		if (NULL == pNew)
		{
			printf("分配失败, 程序终止!\n");
			exit(-1);
		}
		pNew->data = val;
		pTail->pNext = pNew;
		pNew->pNext = NULL;
		pTail = pNew;
	}
	
	return pHead;
}

void traverse_list(PNODE pHead)
{
	PNODE p = pHead->pNext;

	while (NULL != p)
	{
		printf("%d  ", p->data);
		p = p->pNext;
	}
	printf("\n");
	
	return;
}

bool is_empty(PNODE pHead)
{
	if (NULL == pHead->pNext)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

int length_list(PNODE pHead)
{
	PNODE p = pHead->pNext;
	int len = 0;

	while (NULL != p)
	{
		++len;
		p = p->pNext;
	}

	return len;
}

void sort_list(PNODE pHead)
{
	int i, j, t;
	int len = length_list(pHead);
	PNODE p, q;
	
	for (i=0,p=pHead->pNext; i<len-1; ++i,p=p->pNext)
	{
		for (j=i+1,q=p->pNext; j<len; ++j,q=q->pNext)
		{
			if (p->data > q->data)  //类似于数组中的:  a[i] > a[j]
			{
				t = p->data;//类似于数组中的:  t = a[i];
				p->data = q->data; //类似于数组中的:  a[i] = a[j];
				q->data = t; //类似于数组中的:  a[j] = t;
			}
		}
	}

	return;
}

//在pHead所指向链表的第pos个节点的前面插入一个新的结点，该节点的值是val， 并且pos的值是从1开始
bool insert_list(PNODE pHead, int pos, int val)
{
	int i = 0;
	PNODE p = pHead;

	while (NULL!=p && i<pos-1)
	{
		p = p->pNext;
		++i;
	}

	if (i>pos-1 || NULL==p)
		return false;

	PNODE pNew = (PNODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
	if (NULL == pNew)
	{
		printf("动态分配内存失败!\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	pNew->data = val;
	PNODE q = p->pNext;
	p->pNext = pNew;
	pNew->pNext = q;

	return true;
}


bool delete_list(PNODE pHead, int pos, int * pVal)
{
	int i = 0;
	PNODE p = pHead;

	while (NULL!=p->pNext && i<pos-1)
	{
		p = p->pNext;
		++i;
	}

	if (i>pos-1 || NULL==p->pNext)
		return false;
	
	PNODE q = p->pNext;
	*pVal = q->data;

	//删除p节点后面的结点
	p->pNext = p->pNext->pNext;
	free(q);
	q = NULL;
	
	return true;

}