1.数据类型分类和typeof检测底层原理；2.堆栈内存以及VO(G)和GO的；3.关于堆栈内存的一道面试题；

1.数据类型分类和typeof检测底层原理

ECMAScript262中数据类型的标准定义

4.2 ECMAScript Overview
ECMAScript is object-based: basic language and host facilities are provided by objects, and an ECMAScript program is a cluster of communicating objects. In ECMAScript, an object is a collection of zero or more properties each with attributes that determine how each property can be used—for example, when the Writable attribute for a property is set to false, any attempt by executed ECMAScript code to assign a different value to the property fails. Properties are containers that hold other objects, primitive values, or functions. A primitive value is a member of one of the following built-in types: Undefined, Null, Boolean, Number, String, and Symbol; an object is a member of the built-in type Object; and a function is a callable object. A function that is associated with an object via a property is called a method.

ECMAScript是基于对象的:基本语言和主机设施是由对象提供的，而ECMAScript程序是通信对象的集群。在ECMAScript中，对象是0个或多个属性的集合，每个属性都具有决定如何使用每个属性的属性——例如，当属性的可写属性被设置为false时，执行ECMAScript代码为属性分配不同值的任何尝试都将失败。属性是容纳其他对象、基本值或函数的容器。原始值是以下内置类型之一的成员:未定义、Null、布尔、数字、字符串和符号;对象是内置类型对象的成员;函数是可调用对象。通过属性与对象关联的函数称为方法。

ECMAScript defines a collection of built-in objects that round out the definition of ECMAScript entities. These built-in objects include the global object; objects that are fundamental to the runtime semantics of the language including Object, Function, Boolean, Symbol, and various Error objects; objects that represent and manipulate numeric values including Math, Number, and Date; the text processing objects String and RegExp; objects that are indexed collections of values including Array and nine different kinds of Typed Arrays whose elements all have a specific numeric data representation; keyed collections including Map and Set objects; objects supporting structured data including the JSON object, ArrayBuffer, and DataView; objects supporting control abstractions including generator functions and Promise objects; and, reflection objects including Proxy and Reflect.

ECMAScript定义了一个内置对象集合，它完善了ECMAScript实体的定义。这些内置对象包括全局对象;对象是语言运行时语义的基础，包括对象、函数、布尔值、符号和各种错误对象;表示和操作数值(包括数学、数字和日期)的对象;文本处理对象字符串和RegExp;对象，该对象是值的索引集合，包括数组和9种不同类型的数组，其元素都具有特定的数值数据表示;键控集合，包括Map和Set对象;支持结构化数据的对象，包括JSON对象、ArrayBuffer和DataView;支持控制抽象的对象，包括生成器函数和承诺对象;以及反射对象，包括代理和反射

原始值类型「值类型/基本数据类型」

• number 数字

• string 字符串

• boolean 布尔

• null 空对象指针

• undefined 未定义

• symbol 唯一值

• bigint 大数

对象类型「引用数据类型」

• 标准普通对象 object

• 标准特殊对象 Array、RegExp、Date、Math、Error……

• 非标准特殊对象 Number、String、Boolean……

• 可调用/执行对象「函数」function

typeof数据类型检测的底层机制

12.5.6.1 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation
UnaryExpression : typeof UnaryExpression
Let val be the result of evaluating UnaryExpression.
If Type(val) is Reference, then
If IsUnresolvableReference(val) is true, return “undefined”.
Let val be GetValue(val).
ReturnIfAbrupt(val).
Return a String according to Table 35.

UnaryExpression: UnaryExpression的类型
设val为对UnaryExpression求值的结果。
如果类型(val)是引用，则
如果IsUnresolvableReference(val)为真，则返回“undefined”。
让val为GetValue(val)。
ReturnIfAbrupt (val)。
根据表35返回一个字符串。

/*
 *  1.typeof  **
 *  2.instanceof
 *  3.constructor
 *  4.Object.prototype.toString.call([value])  **
 *  ---
 *  Array.isArray
 *  isNaN
 *  ...
 * 
 * typeof底层处理机制
 */

(function () {
    let utils = {
    };
    if (typeof window !== "undefined") window.utils = utils;
    if (typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object") module.exports = utils;
})();
utils.xxx();

// // 验证一个值是否为对象
function isObject(obj) {
    if (obj === null) return false;
    return /^(object|function)$/i.test(typeof obj);
}


var a = 12;
var b = a;
b = 13;
console.log(a);

// VO(G) 和 GO

var a = 13;
let b = 14;
const c = 15;
d = 16; //window.d=16
console.log(a, window.a); //13 13  全局上下文中，使用一个变量，首先看是否是VO(G)中的，如果不是，则继续看GO中是否有，如果也没有，则报未定义的错误
console.log(b, window.b); //14 undefined
// console.log(x); //Uncaught ReferenceError: x is not defined
console.log(window.x); //undefined

2.堆栈内存以及VO(G)和GO的

3.关于堆栈内存的一道面试题

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Operator_Precedence
var a = {n: 1};
var b = a;
a.x = a = {n: 2};
console.log(a.x);
console.log(b);