MySQL-实例练习

1. 多表连接查询

1.1 介绍
内连接 inner join
外连接 left join right join
笛卡尔
1.2 作用
聚合多张表数据,实现查询需求。
查询人口数小于100人城市名,国家名,国土面积?

1.3 多表连接的语法
1.3.1 内连接(交集)
FROM A
INNER JOIN B
ON A.x=B.y

1.3.2 外连接
FROM A
LEFT JOIN B
ON A.x=B.y
或
FROM A
RIGHT JOIN B
ON A.x=B.y

1.3.3 笛卡尔乘积
FROM A
JOIN B

1.4 多表连接例子
– 1. 查询人口数小于100人城市名,国家名,国土面积?

套路 :
找关联表
找关系列
USE world
SHOW TABLES;
DESC city;
DESC country;

SELECT 
city.name,
country.name, 
country.SurfaceArea,
city.`Population`
FROM city
JOIN country
ON city.`CountryCode`=country.`Code`
WHERE city.`Population`<100;

– 2. 统计查询每位学员的平均分

SELECT student.xid ,
student.xname,
AVG(score.score)   
FROM  student
JOIN score 
ON student.xid=score.xid
GROUP BY student.xid,student.xname 
```
-- 3. 统计每位学员学习了几门课
```
SELECT student.xid ,
student.xname,
COUNT(score.score)   
FROM  student
JOIN score 
ON student.xid=score.xid
GROUP BY student.xid,student.xname 
```
-- 4. 查询每位老师教的课程名和价格
```
SELECT teacher.tname,course.`cname`,course.`cprice`
FROM teacher 
JOIN course
ON  teacher.`tid`=course.`tid`;
```
-- 5. 每位老师教的学生的个数和姓名列表
```
SELECT 
teacher.tname,
COUNT(student.xid),
GROUP_CONCAT(student.xname)
FROM student 
JOIN score 
ON student.xid=score.xid 
JOIN course
ON score.cid=course.cid
JOIN teacher 
ON course.tid=teacher.tid
GROUP BY teacher.tid,teacher.tname;
```
综合练习题:
```
1.查询oldguo老师教的学生名
SELECT 
CONCAT(teacher.tname,"_",teacher.tid) AS "教师名",
GROUP_CONCAT(student.`xname`) AS "学生列表"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid`=course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid`=score.`cid`  
JOIN student 
ON score.`xid`=student.`xid`
WHERE teacher.tname='oldguo'
GROUP BY teacher.tid,teacher.tname;
2.查询oldguo所教课程的平均分数
SELECT 
CONCAT(teacher.tname,"_",teacher.tid) AS "教师名",
course.cname AS "课程名",
AVG(score.score) AS "平均分"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid`=course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid`=score.`cid`  
WHERE teacher.tname='oldguo'
GROUP BY teacher.tid,teacher.tname,course.cname;
3.每位老师所教课程的平均分,并按平均分排序
SELECT CONCAT(teacher.`tname`,"|_",teacher.`tid`) AS "讲师",
AVG(score.`score`) "平均分"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid`=course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid`=score.`cid`
GROUP BY teacher.`tname`
ORDER BY AVG(score.`score`)DESC;
4.查询白龙马,学习的课程名称有哪些?
SELECT CONCAT(student.`xname`,"_",student.`xid`) AS "学生",
GROUP_CONCAT(course.`cname`) AS "课程"
FROM student 
JOIN score 
ON student.xid=score.xid 
JOIN course
ON score.cid=course.cid
WHERE student.`xname`='白龙马'
GROUP BY student.`xname`,student.`xid`
5.统计每位老师赚了多少钱?
SELECT teacher.`tname` AS "讲师",
SUM(course.`cprice`) AS "总收入"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid` = course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid` = score.`cid`
GROUP BY teacher.`tid`,teacher.`tname`;
5.1 统计每位老师,每门课程,分别的收入情况
SELECT 
CONCAT(teacher.`tname`,"_",teacher.`tid`) AS "讲师名",
course.`cprice`*COUNT(score.xid) AS "课程收入"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid` = course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid` = score.`cid`
GROUP BY teacher.`tid`,teacher.`tname` , course.`cid`;
6.统计每门课程学习的人数.
SELECT course.`cname`,COUNT(course.`cid`)
FROM score
JOIN course
ON score.cid=course.cid
GROUP BY course.`cname`
7.查询oldboy老师教的学生不及格的学生名单
SELECT CONCAT(teacher.`tname`,"_",teacher.`tid`) AS "讲师",
GROUP_CONCAT(student.`xname`) AS "不及格学生"
FROM student 
JOIN score 
ON student.xid=score.xid 
JOIN course
ON score.cid=course.cid
JOIN teacher 
ON course.tid=teacher.tid
WHERE score.`score`<60 AND teacher.`tname`='oldguo'
GROUP BY teacher.`tname`
8.统计每位老师不及格学生名单
SELECT 
CONCAT(teacher.tname,"_",teacher.tid) AS "教师名",
GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT(student.xname,":",score.score)) AS "不及格学生"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid`=course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid`=score.`cid`  
JOIN student 
ON score.`xid`=student.`xid`
WHERE score.`score`<60
GROUP BY teacher.tid,teacher.tname;
9.每位老师所教课程的平均分,并按平均分排序
SELECT 
CONCAT(teacher.tname,"_",teacher.tid) AS "教师",
course.`cname` AS "课程",
AVG(score.`score`) AS "平均分"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid`=course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid`=score.`cid`  
GROUP BY teacher.tid,teacher.tname,course.`cid`;
10.查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分
SELECT course.`cid` AS "学号",
MAX(score.`score`) AS "最高分",
MIN(score.`score`) AS "最低分"
FROM course
JOIN score
ON course.`cid`=score.`cid` 
GROUP BY course.`cid`;
11.查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；
SELECT 
CONCAT(student.`xname`,"_",student.`xid`) AS "学生姓名",
AVG(score.`score`) AS "平均分"
FROM student
JOIN score
ON student.`xid`=score.`xid`
GROUP BY student.`xname`,student.`xid`
HAVING AVG(score.`score`)>60
ORDER BY AVG(score.`score`) DESC;
扩展:

12. 统计各位老师,所教课程的及格率
SELECT 
CONCAT(teacher.tname,"_",teacher.tid) AS "教师名",
course.`cname` AS ,
CONCAT(COUNT(CASE WHEN score.score>60 THEN 1  END)/COUNT(score.xid)*100,"%") AS "及格率"
FROM teacher
JOIN course
ON teacher.`tid`=course.`tid`
JOIN score
ON course.`cid`=score.`cid`  
GROUP BY teacher.tid,teacher.tname,course.`cid`;
13. 统计每门课程:优秀(85分以上),良好(70-85),一般(60-70),不及格(小于60)的学生列表
SELECT 
course.`cname` AS 课程名称,
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` >= 85 THEN student.xname END )  AS "优秀",
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` >=70 AND score.`score` < 85  THEN student.xname  END) AS "良好",
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` >=60  AND score.`score` <70 THEN  student.xname  END  )AS "一般",
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` <60  THEN  student.xname END  ) AS "不及格"
FROM student 
JOIN score
ON student.xid = score.xid 
JOIN course 
ON score.`cid`=course.`cid`
GROUP BY course.`cid`;
```
1.5 left/right join 外连接应用
一般应用在强制驱动表时,强制小结果集驱动大表
-- 生产中可以使用left join 强制 驱动表.尽量减少next loop的出现.
-- 为什么要强制? inner join 优化器 自动选择, 按照索引选择的几率较大
select a.name,b.telnum from a left join b on a.id=b.id where a.age>=18

1.6 补充 别名的应用 .
1.6.1 列别名
```
SELECT 
course.`cname` AS 课程名称,
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` >= 85 THEN student.xname END )  AS "优秀",
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` >=70 AND score.`score` < 85  THEN student.xname  END) AS "良好",
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` >=60  AND score.`score` <70 THEN  student.xname  END  )AS "一般",
GROUP_CONCAT(CASE WHEN score.`score` <60  THEN  student.xname END  ) AS "不及格"
FROM student 
JOIN score
ON student.xid = score.xid 
JOIN course 
ON score.`cid`=course.`cid`
GROUP BY course.`cid`;
说明: 1. 为了显示的好看. 2. 可以在 having 或 order by 子句中调用
```
1.6.2 表别名
```
SELECT 
CONCAT(te.tname,"_",te.tid) AS "教师名"
,GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT(st.xname,":",sc.score))
FROM teacher as te 
JOIN course as  co 
ON te.`tid`=co.`tid`
JOIN score as sc 
ON co.`cid`=sc.`cid`  
JOIN student  as st
ON sc.`xid`=st.`xid`
WHERE sc.`score`<60
GROUP BY te.tid,te.tname;

SELECT 
CONCAT(te.tname,"_",te.tid) AS "教师名"
,GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT(st.xname,":",sc.score))
FROM teacher AS te 
JOIN course AS  co 
ON te.`tid`=co.`tid`
JOIN score AS sc 
ON co.`cid`=sc.`cid`  
JOIN student  AS st
ON sc.`xid`=st.`xid`
WHERE sc.`score`<60
GROUP BY te.tid,te.tname;
```
2. show 语句的列表介绍 ******
```
-- 查看所有的库

   show databases; 
-- 查看当前库下的所有表

   show tables;
   show tables from world;
-- 查看当前并发会话信息

show processlist;
show  full processlist;
-- 查看数据库支持的权限

show privileges;
-- 查看数据库参数信息

show variables 
show variables like '%trx%';
-- 查看字符集&校对规则

show  charset;
show  collation;
-- 查看建库&建表语句

show create database world;
show create table world.city;
-- 查看用户权限

show grants for root@'localhost';
-- 查看支持的存储引擎

show engines;
-- 查询表中索引信息

show index from world.city;
-- 查看数据库当前状态信息

show status;
show status like '%lock%';
-- 查看InnoDB引擎相关的状态信息(内存,事务,锁,线程...)

show engine innodb status\G
-- 查看二进制日志相关信息

show binary logs ;
show master status; 
show binlog events in 'xxxx';
-- 查看主从复制相关信息

show relaylog events in 'xxxx';
show slave status \G
--更多查看帮助

mysql> help show ;
```
3. Information_schema 统计信息库
3.1 介绍:
视图 :给库数据做别名

安全 : 只允许查询,不知道操作的是什么对象.
方便 : 只需要简单的select语句即可使用.
3.2 作用:
方便做数据库资产统计
库\表 :
个数
数据量(大小,行数)
每张表的数据字典信息
获取到Server层状态信息
获取到InnoDB引擎层的状态信息
3.3 应用举例:
```
TABLES :

TABLE_SCHEMA  : 表所在的库 
TABLE_NAME    : 表名
ENGINE        : 表的引擎      
TABLE_ROWS    : 表的行数
AVG_ROW_LENGTH: 平均行长度(字节) 
INDEX_LENGTH  : 索引占用长度(字节) 
TABLE_COMMENT : 表注释 
-- 例子:
-- 1. 简单查询体验TABLES信息

SELECT * FROM TABLES;
-- 2. 所有业务库和表的名字.

SELECT table_schema , table_name 
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql');
-- 3. 统计每个业务库,表的个数和列表

SELECT table_schema , COUNT(table_name),GROUP_CONCAT(table_name) 
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql')
GROUP BY table_schema;
-- 4. 统计业务数据库的总数据量

SELECT SUM(table_rows * AVG_ROW_LENGTH+index_length)/1024 AS total_KB
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql');
-- 5. 每个业务库分别统计数据量

SELECT table_schema,SUM(table_rows * AVG_ROW_LENGTH+index_length)/1024 AS total_KB
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql')
GROUP BY table_schema
ORDER  BY total_KB DESC ;
-- 6. top 3 数据量大的表

SELECT table_schema,table_name,(table_rows * AVG_ROW_LENGTH+index_length)/1024 AS table_kb
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql')
ORDER BY  table_kb DESC 
LIMIT 3;
-- 7. 查询所有非INNODB的表

SELECT table_schema,table_name ,ENGINE FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql')
AND ENGINE <> 'innodb';
-- 8. 查询所有非INNODB的表 , 并且提出修改建议

SELECT 
table_schema,
table_name ,
ENGINE ,
CONCAT("alter table ",table_schema,".",table_name," engine=innodb;") AS "修改建议"
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql')
AND ENGINE <> 'innodb';
-- 9. 所有业务库和表的名字,并且生成备份语句

SELECT 
table_schema , 
table_name ,
CONCAT("mysqldump ",table_schema," ",table_name," > /bak/",table_schema,"_",table_name,".sql") AS "备份"
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('sys','information_schema','performance_schema','mysql');
```