MySQL-Percona Xtrabackup (物理备份)

Percona Xtrabackup (物理)

1. 安装

1.1 安装依赖包：

   wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
   yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL libev

1.2 下载软件并安装

wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.12/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-*.rpm

2.备份命令介绍:

xtrabackup
innobackupex    ******

3. 备份恢复方式——物理备份

备份流程:
– INNODB
(1) 进行 checkpoint,将内存已经提交事务的脏页,刷新到磁盘ibd文件,并且 记录LSN .
(2) 拷贝InnoDB数据(ibd,frm,ibdata1)文件到预定的备份路径.
– NO-INNODB
(1) FLUSH TABLE WITH READ LOCK(FTWRL) Global READ LOCK
(2) 拷贝非InnoDB表各种数据
(3) 解锁
– REDO
自动将备份期间的redo变化保存下来.并记录全新的LSN号码.

恢复流程:

1. prepare  准备过程
      (1) redo将变化前滚 
      (2) Undo将未提交的事务进行回滚
2. copy-back 恢复过程 
    cp 
    --copy-back
    授权

4. 备份策略介绍

   full + inc + binlog  : 全备+增量+binlog
   full + binlog        :全备+日志

5. xbk备份工具使用

– 5.1 全备

   [root@db01 backup]# innobackupex  --user=root --password=123 /data/backup

– 5.2 全备自定制目录名

   [root@db01 backup]# innobackupex  --user=root --password=123 --no-timestamp /data/backup/full_`date +%F`

– 5.3 备份信息介绍

   xtrabackup_binlog_info :  
   mysql-bin.000003 4432    411148c1-26bf-11ea-a420-000c298780da:1-32
   作用: 二进制日志截取的起点位置.

xtrabackup_checkpoints :
backup_type = full-backuped   
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 227111469
last_lsn = 227111478
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0

xtrabackup_info
xtrabackup_logfile

– 5.4 增量备份

(1) 模拟周一白天数据变化:

create database xbk charset utf8mb4;
use xbk;
create table t1 (id int);
create table t2 (id int);
create table t3 (id int);
insert into t1 values(1);
commit;
insert into t2 values(1);
commit;
insert into t3 values(1);
commit;

(2) 模拟周一晚上的增量inc1

innobackupex  --user=root --password=123 --no-timestamp  --incremental  --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/full_2019-12-27    /data/backup/inc1

(3) 模拟周二白天数据变化

use xbk;
insert into t1 values(2);
commit;
insert into t2 values(2);
commit;
insert into t3 values(2);
commit;

(4) 模拟周二晚上的增量inc2

innobackupex  --user=root --password=123 --no-timestamp  --incremental  --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/inc1    /data/backup/inc2

(5) 模拟周三白天的数据变化

use xbk;
insert into t1 values(3);
commit;
insert into t2 values(3);
commit;
insert into t3 values(3);
commit;

5.5 故障恢复

[root@db01 ~]# pkill mysqld
[root@db01 ~]# \rm -rf /data/mysql/data_3306/*

恢复思路:
1. 找最近的全备
2. 所有增量(inc1,inc2)合并全备(/data/backup/full_2019-12-27 )中
3. 备份的prepare(应用redo和undo)
4. 恢复备份cp ,改权限
5. 启动数据库
6. 截取周二备份到周三故障点的binlog,进行恢复.

– 1. 增量合并并准备

This option should be used when preparing the base full
backup and when merging all incrementals except the last one. 
各个备份的,lsn能够连续.

(1) base_full 的 prepared --apply-log

[root@db01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/backup/full_2019-12-27

(2) 将inc1 合并到full中

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only   --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1 /data/backup/full_2019-12-27

(3) 将inc2 合并到 full中

innobackupex --apply-log  --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc2 /data/backup/full_2019-12-27

(4) 整体备份的prepare.

innobackupex --apply-log  /data/backup/full_2019-12-27

– 2. 恢复备份

[root@db01 full_2019-12-27]# cp -a * /data/mysql/data_3306/
[root@db01 full_2019-12-27]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data

–3. 启动数据库

systemctl restart mysqld

–4. 截取二进制日志

[root@db01 inc2]# cat /data/backup/inc2/xtrabackup_binlog_info 
mysql-bin.000003    6593    411148c1-26bf-11ea-a420-000c298780da:1-42
[root@db01 inc2]# 

[root@db01 inc2]# mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids --include-gtids='411148c1-26bf-11ea-a420-000c298780da:43-45' /data/mysql/binlog_3306/mysql-bin.000003 >/data/backup/bin.sql

– 5. 恢复binlog

mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
mysql> source /data/backup/bin.sql
mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;

6. 总备份2T,误删除1G一张核心表.
思路: 表空间迁移.