安装Centos7虚拟机详细步骤

安装Centos7虚拟机详细步骤

1.创建虚拟机

镜像下载地址：[centos镜像地址](https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso)

点击编辑虚拟机设置

2.开启虚拟机

3.配置网络

点击虚拟网络编辑器

根据自己情况，配置

配置虚拟机ip

4.配置时区，选择上海

5.分区

6.关掉安全协议

7.关闭内核奔溃机制

8.开始安装

9.配置密码

等待安装好：reboot重启就好了

10.用xshell登录

填写用户名和密码

11.安装基本命令

#安装基本命令
yum install vim lrzsz net-tools tree iotop -y

#更新base和epel源
[root@centos7 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

[root@centos7 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

12.关闭selinux和firewalld

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

#修改完需要重启服务器，reboot

13.系统优化

#修改字符编码
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/profile
#在最后面添加
export LANG='zh_CN.UTF-8

#修改文件描述符
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
root soft nofile 65535
root hard nofile 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535

#内核参数优化
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@centos7 ~]# grep '^[a-Z]' /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 100
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.core.somaxconn = 16384 
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384 
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384

[root@centos7 ~]# sysctl -p

14.重启服务器

[root@centos7 ~]# reboot

15.修改ssh端口

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Port 10181
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart sshd
[root@centos7 ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6820/master         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10181           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7000/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      6820/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::10181                :::*                    LISTEN      7000/sshd