Java之NIO基础介绍(一)

概念

NIO中非阻塞IO采用了基于Reactor的模式。会在Selector中注册某个事件，然后监听通道Channel，当有事件到达才对该事件进行处理。也就是延迟IO

核心Selectors、channel、buffers

1. channel

类比InputStream、OutputStream。是一个层面，面对流的，只不过后者channel是双向的，即可写又可读，所以才是通道。
并且双向的前提是，基于随机访问文件RandomAccessFile可读可写访问指针。

在Java中Channel的实现

package java.nio.channels;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Closeable;

public interface Channel extends Closeable {

    public boolean isOpen();

   
    public void close() throws IOException;

}

channel不能直接传输数据，需要依赖buffer缓存区实现。
重要的实现类：

1. FileChannel 从文件中读写数据
2. DatagramChannel，使用UDP从网络中读写数据
3. SocketChannel，TCP
4. ServerSocketChannel，监听TCP连接，为每一个连接创建一个3

//示例：读取文件
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("D:\\makedowm笔记\\服务器部署有关.txt", "r");//只读模式打开
        FileChannel channel = file.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer allocate = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        int read = channel.read(allocate);
        long l = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("开始时间:" + l);
        while (read != -1) {
            System.out.println("读取了:" + read);
            allocate.flip();
            System.out.println(new String(allocate.array(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            allocate.clear();
            read = channel.read(allocate);
        }
        channel.close();
        System.out.println("over");
        long l1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("结束时间:" + l1);
        System.out.println("用时:" + (l1 - l) + "ms");
    }
    //示例：写文件
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("D:\\makedowm笔记\\a.txt", "rw");
        FileChannel channel = file.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer allocate = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        String data = "123abc";
        allocate.clear();
        allocate.put(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        allocate.flip();
        while(allocate.hasRemaining()) {
            channel.write(allocate);
        }
        channel.close();

    }
    
    package nio;

    //示例：接收TCP连接
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ServerSocketChannel open = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        open.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8888));
        open.configureBlocking(false);

        while(true) {
            System.out.println("等待");
            SocketChannel accept = open.accept();
            if(accept == null) {
                System.out.println("无连接");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } else {
                System.out.println(accept.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress());
                accept.close();
            }
        }

    }

接下来是buffer缓存区的学习。