Spring基于注解(Annotation)的装配-spring学习07

基于注解(Annotation)的装配

1.常用的注解：

• ​ @Conponent ：可以使用此注解描述Spring中的Bean,是一个泛化的概念，仅仅表示一个组件，并且可以作用在任何层次。

• ​ @Repository:功能和@Conponent一样，用于将数据访问层(Dao层)的类标识为Spring中的Bean。

• ​ @Service:通常作用在业务层(Service层)，用于将业务层的类标识为Spring中的Bean,作用和@Conponent一样。

• ​ @Controller:通常作用于控制层(Spring MVC的Controller),用于将控制层的类标识为Spring中的Bean，作用和@Conponent一样。

• ​ @Autowired:用于对Bean的属性变量，属性的setter方法及构造方法进行标注，配合对应的注解处理器完成Bean的自动配置工作。默认按照Bean的类型装配。

• ​ @Resource:作用和@Autowired相同。两个重要的属性：name:Bean的实例名称，type:Bean的实例类型

  ​ 区别：默认按照Bean的实例名称进行装配。

• ​ @Qualifier:和@Autowired注解配合使用，会默认的将默认的按照Bean类型装配修改为按照Bean的实例名称装配。

package com.lz.jiaotong.dao;

public interface UserDao {
    public void save();

}

package com.lz.jiaotong.dao;

import com.lz.jiaotong.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("usedao.....save");
    }
}

package com.lz.jiaotong.service;

public interface UserService {
    public void save();
}

package com.lz.jiaotong.service;

import com.lz.jiaotong.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
@Qualifier("userDao")
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("userService.......save");
        //调用userDao中的save方法
        this.userDao.save();
    }
}

@Controller("userController")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("userService")
    private UserService userService;
    public void save(){
        this.userService.save();
        System.out.println("UserController..........save");
    }
}

public class AnnotationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        UserController userController = (UserController) applicationContext.getBean("userController");
        userController.save();
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!--使用context命名空间，在配置文件中开启相应的注解处理器-->
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lz.jiaotong.controller"/>

<!--分别定义Bean的三个实例-->
        <bean id="userDao" class="com.lz.jiaotong.dao.UserDaoImpl" />
        <bean id="useService" class="com.lz.jiaotong.service.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"/>
        <bean id="userController" class="com.lz.jiaotong.controller.UserController" autowire="byName"/>

</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>annotationdemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>