数据处理之增删改查
0 、储备工作
USE atguigudb;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp1(
id INT,
‘name‘ VARCHAR(15),
hire_date DATE,
salary DOUBLE(10,2)
);
SELECT * FROM emp1;
1、添加数据
#方式1 一条一条的添加数据
#①没有指明添加的字段
INSERT INTO emp1
#注意：一定要按照声明的字段的先后顺序添加
VALUES (4,'Tom','2001-04-21',6666);
#②指明要添加的字段
INSERT INTO emp1(‘name‘,id,salary,hire_date)
VALUES ('Jom',1,8888,'1999-05-06');
#说明:没有进行赋值的字段，默认为 null
#③ 同时插入多条记录
INSERT INTO emp1(‘name‘,id,salary,hire_date)
VALUES
('Jim',2,8888,'1999-05-06'),
('Mike',3,8988,'1991-07-06'),('Lucy',5,8558,'1996-05-01');
#方式2 将查询结果插入到表中#查询的字段一定要与添加到的表的字段一一对应
INSERT INTO emp1(id,‘name‘,hire_date,salary)
SELECT employee_id,last_name,hire_date,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (70,80);
#说明：emp1表中要添加的字段的长度不能低于employees表中查询的字段的长度如果低于，就会有添加不成功的风险
2、更新数据（或修改数据）
#UPDATE ... SET ... WHERE ...
UPDATE emp1
SET ‘name‘ = 'luck'
WHERE id = 4;
ALTER TABLE emp1
CHANGE ‘name‘ NAME VARCHAR(25) ;
#同时修改一条数据的多个字段
UPDATE emp1SET NAME = 'Tom',salary = 123456
WHERE id = 4;
#将表中姓名中包含字符a的提薪20%
UPDATE emp1SET salary = salary*1.2
WHERE NAME LIKE '%a%';
SELECT * FROM emp1;
#删除数据时，是可能存在不成功的情况的（可能是由于约束的影响造成的）
3、删除数据 DELETE FROM …WHERE…
DELETE FROM emp1
WHERE id = 1;
#在删除数据时，也有可能因为约束的影响，导致删除失败
#小结：DML操作默认情况下，执行完以后都会自动提交数据
#如果希望执行完以后不自动提交数据，则需要使用
SET autocommit = FALSE.
SELECT * FROM emp1;
4、MySQL8 的新特性： 计算列
CREATE TABLE test1(
a INT,
b INT,
c INT GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a+b)VIRTUAL);
INSERT INTO test1(a,b)VALUES(10,20);
SELECT * FROM test1;
5、综合案例
- 创建数据库test01_library
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test01_library CHARACTER SET 'utf8';
- 创建表 books，表结构如下：
CREATE TABLE books(
id INT,
‘name’ VARCHAR(50),
‘authors’ VARCHAR(100),
price FLOAT,
pubdate YEAR,
note VARCHAR(100),
num INT);
SELECT * FROM books;
- 向books表中插入记录
- （1）、不指定字段名称，插入第一条记录
INSERT INTO books
VALUES(1,'Tal of AAA','Dickes',23,1995,'novel',11);
- （2）、指定所有字段名称，插入第二记录
INSERT INTO books(id,‘name’,‘authors’,price,pubdate,note,num)
VALUES(2,'EmmaT','Jane lura',35,1993,'joke',22);
- （3）、同时插入多条记录（剩下的所有记录）
INSERT INTO books
VALUES
(3,'Story of Jane','Jane Tim',40,2001,'novel',0),(4,'Lovey Day','George Byron',20,2005,'novel',30),
(5,'Old land','Honore Blade',30,2010,'law',0),(6,'The Battle','Upton Sara',30,1999,'medicine',40),
(7,'Rose Hood','Richard haggard',28,2008,'cartoon',28);
- 将小说类型(novel)的书的价格都增加5。
UPDATE books
SET price = price+5
WHERE note = 'novel';
- 将名称为EmmaT的书的价格改为40，并将说明改为drama。
UPDATE books
SET price = 40,note = 'drama'
WHERE ‘name’ = 'EmmaT';
- 删除库存为0的记录。
DELETE FROM books
WHERE num = 0;
- 统计书名中包含a字母的书
SELECT ‘name’
FROM books
WHERE ‘name’ LIKE '%a%';
- 统计书名中包含a字母的书的数量和库存总量
SELECT COUNT(*),SUM(num)
FROM books
WHERE ‘name’ LIKE '%a%';
- 找出“novel”类型的书，按照价格降序排列
SELECT ‘name’,price
FROM books
WHERE note = 'novel'
ORDER BY price DESC;
- 查询图书信息，按照库存量降序排列，如果库存量相同的按照note升序排列
SELECT *
FROM books
ORDER BY num DESC,note ASC;
- 按照note分类统计书的数量
SELECT note,SUM(num),COUNT(*)
FROM books
GROUP BY note;
- （1）、按照note分类统计书的库存量，显示库存量超过30本的
SELECT note
FROM books
GROUP BY note
HAVING SUM(num) > 30;
- 查询所有图书，每页显示5本，显示第二页
SELECT *
FROM books
LIMIT 5,5;
- 按照note分类统计书的库存量，显示库存量最多的
SELECT note,SUM(num) sum_num
FROM books
GROUP BY note
ORDER BY sum_num DESC
LIMIT 0,1;
- 查询书名达到10个字符的书，不包括里面的空格
SELECT LENGTH(REPLACE(‘name’,' ',''))
FROM books;
SELECT ‘name’
FROM books
HAVING LENGTH(REPLACE(‘name’,' ','')) >= 10;
- 查询书名和类型，其中note值为novel显示小说，law显示法律，medicine显示医药，cartoon显示卡通， joke显示笑话
SELECT ‘name’ '书名',note,
CASE note
WHEN 'novel' THEN '小说'
WHEN 'law' THEN '法律'
WHEN 'medicine' THEN '医药'
WHEN 'cartoon' THEN '卡通'
WHEN 'joke' THEN '笑话'
ELSE '未知'END '类型'
FROM books;
- 查询书名、库存，其中num值超过30本的，显示滞销，大于0并低于10的，显示畅销，为0的显示需要无货
SELECT ‘name’ '书名',num,
CASE
WHEN num >30 THEN '代销'
WHEN num > 0 && num < 10 THEN '畅销'
WHEN num = 0 THEN '无货'
ELSE '销售中'
END '状态'
FROM books;
SELECT * FROM books;
- 统计每一种note的库存量，并合计总量SELECT IFNULL(note,‘合计库存总量’) note,SUM(num)
FROM books
GROUP BY note
WITH ROLLUP; #在最后一行加上总和
- 统计每一种note的数量，并合计总量SELECT note,COUNT(*) sum_num
FROM books
GROUP BY note
WITH ROLLUP;
- 统计库存量前三名的图书
SELECT *
FROM books
ORDER BY num DESC
LIMIT 0,3;
- 找出最早出版的一本书
SELECT *
FROM books
GROUP BY pubdate DESC
LIMIT 0,1;
- 找出novel中价格最高的一本书
SELECT *
FROM books
WHERE note = 'novel'
ORDER BY price DESC
LIMIT 0,1;
- 找出书名中字数最多的一本书，不含空格
SELECT *
FROM books
ORDER BY LENGTH(REPLACE(‘name’,' ','')) DESC
LIMIT 0,1;
6、课后练习
练习1
- 创建数据库dbtest11
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS dbtest11 CHARACTER SET 'utf8';
- 运行以下脚本创建表my_employees
USE dbtest11;
CREATE TABLE my_employees(
id INT(10),
first_name VARCHAR(10),
last_name VARCHAR(10),
userid VARCHAR(10),
salary DOUBLE(10,2)
);
CREATE TABLE users(
id INT,
userid VARCHAR(10),
department_id INT
);
- 显示表my_employees的结构
DESC my_employees;
- 向my_employees表中插入下列数据
INSERT INTO my_employees
VALUES
(1,'pate1','Ralph','Rpate1',895),(2,'Dancs','Betty','Bdancs',860),(3,'Biri','Ben','Bbiri',1100),(4,'Newman','Chad','Cnewman',750),(5,'Ropeburn','Audrey','Aropebur',1550);
- 向users表中插入数据
INSERT INTO users
VALUES
(1,'Rpatel',10),
(2,'Bdancs',10),
(3,'Bbiri',20),
(4,'Cnewman',30),
(5,'Aropebur',40);
SELECT * FROM users;
- 将3号员工的last_name修改为“drelxer”
UPDATE my_employees
SET last_name = 'drelxer'
WHERE id = 3;
SELECT * FROM my_employees;
- 将所有工资少于900的员工的工资修1000
UPDATE my_employees
SET salary = 1000
WHERE salary <= 900;
- 将user id为Bbiri的user表和my_employees表的记录全部删除
DELETE FROM users
WHERE users = 'Bbiri';
DELETE FROM my_employees
WHERE users = 'Bbiri';
#合并上边两个
DELETE m , u
FROM my_employees mJOIN users u
ON m.usersid = u.usersid
WHERE m.usersid = 'Bbiri';
- 删除my_employees、users表所有数据
DELETE FROM my_employees;
DELETE FROM users;
- 检查所作的修正
SELECT * FROM my_employees;
SELECT * FROM users;
- 清空表my_employees
TRUNCATE TABLE my_emloyees;
练习2
- 使用现有数据库dbtest11
USE dbtest11;
- 创建表格pet
CREATE TABLE pet(
`name` VARCHAR(20),
`owner` VARCHAR(20),
species VARCHAR(20),
sex CHAR(1),
birth YEAR,death YEAR
);
DESC pet;
- 添加记录
INSERT INTO pet
VALUES('Fluffy','harold','Cat','f',2003,2010),('Claws','gwen','Cat','m',2004,NULL),('Buffy',NULL,'Dog','f',2009,NULL),('Fang','benny','Dog','m',2000,NULL),('bowser','diane','Dog','m',2003,2009),('Chirpy',NULL,'Bird','f',2008,NULL);
- 添加字段:主人的生日owner_birth DATE类型。
ALTER TABLE pet
ADD owner_birth DATE ;
DESC pet;
SELECT * FROM pet;
- 将名称为Claws的猫的主人改为kevin
UPDATE pet
SET `owner` = 'kevin'
WHERE `name` = 'Claws'
AND species = 'Cat';
- 将没有死的狗的主人改为duck
UPDATE pet
SET `owner` = 'duck'
WHERE death IS NOT NULL
AND species = 'Dog';
- 查询没有主人的宠物的名字；
SELECT `name`
FROM pet
WHERE `owner` IS NULL;
- 查询已经死了的cat的姓名，主人，以及去世时间；
SELECT `name`,`owner`,death
FROM pet
WHERE species = 'Cat'
AND death IS NOT NULL;
- 删除已经死亡的狗
DELETE FROM pet
WHERE species = 'Dog'
AND death IS NULL;
- 查询所有宠物信息
SELECT * FROM pet;
练习3
- 使用已有的数据库dbtest11
USE dbtest11;
- 创建表employee，并添加记录
CREATE TABLE employee(
id INT,
`name` VARCHAR(25),
sex VARCHAR(5),
tel VARCHAR(50),
addr VARCHAR(25),
salary DOUBLE(10,2)
);
DESC employee;
INSERT INTO employee
VALUES
(1001,'张一一','男','13456789000','山东青岛',1001.58),
(1002,'刘小红','女','13454319000','河北保定',1201.21),
(1003,'李四','男','0751-1234567','广东佛山',1004.11),
(1004,'刘小强','男','0755-5555555','广东深圳',1501.23),
(1005,'王艳','女','020-1232133','广东广州',1405.16);
- 查询出薪资在1200~1300之间的员工信息。
SELECT *
FROM employee
WHERE salary BETWEEN 1200 AND 1300;
- 查询出姓“刘”的员工的工号，姓名，家庭住址。
SELECT id,`name`,addr
FROM employee
WHERE `name` LIKE '刘%';
- 将“李四”的家庭住址改为“广东韶关”
UPDATE employee
SET addr = '广东韶关'
WHERE `name` = '李四';
- 查询出名字中带“小”的员工
SELECT *FROM employee
WHERE `name` LIKE '%小%';
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