Java代码模拟一个Post请求

Java代码模拟一个Post请求

​ 我们常用的http请求无非GET和POST。在springboot项目中，我们如果想要测试一段代码无非就是项目跑起来，然后在浏览器中通过输入url，看浏览器中（按F12）控制台是否响应成功，以及看IDEA控制台的打印内容。

​ 但是在浏览器中输入url，GET请求很好模拟，无非是本机ip+服务端口+springboot项目中在controller层配置的@RequestMapping(“/访问路径”)。而POST请求就不是那么好模拟的了，因为POST请求一般包含参数，参数以JSON格式封装在请求体中，有其对应的请求头。那么POST请求该如何模拟呢？代码如下所示：

依赖：

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.24</version>
        </dependency>

这个依赖使用的目的是通过一个JSONObject的类封装我们的参数。然后剩下的依赖，在前面的HttpClient的学习笔记中有提到。

模拟Post请求代码如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

public class PostTest {

    /**
     * 模拟Post请求，进行url测试
     */
    @Test
    public void testPostRequest() {
        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8081/business/user/record/query";

        //请求ti
        JSONObject parammap = new JSONObject();
        parammap.put("userid",123456);
        parammap.put("username", "xiaoming");
        parammap.put("appname", "myapp");
        parammap.put("queryDate","20220321");

        String str = doPost(url, parammap.toJSONString());
        // 输出响应内容
        System.out.println(str);

    }

    public String doPost(String url ,String json) {
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String res = "";

        try {
             // 创建 httppost请求
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
             // 创建请求内容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            post.setEntity(entity);
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(post);

            res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

}

---

更新：

将常用的get、post请求封装为一个工具类，代码如下：

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public final class HttpUtil {

    /**
     * 连接客户端
     */
    private static final CloseableHttpClient HTTP_CLIENT;

    /**
     * 最大连接数
     */
    private static final int MAX = 50;

    private HttpUtil() {}

    static {
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager manager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager() {};
        manager.setMaxTotal(MAX);
        HTTP_CLIENT = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(manager).build();
    }

    public static String httpGet(String url) throws IOException {
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = HTTP_CLIENT.execute(get)) {
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        }
    }

    public static String httpGet(String url, Map<String, String> headers) throws IOException {
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
        headers.forEach(get::addHeader);
        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = HTTP_CLIENT.execute(get)) {
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        }
    }

    public static String httpPost(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)
        throws IOException {
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
        headers.forEach(post::addHeader);
        List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<>();
        params.forEach((key, value) -> parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, value)));
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters, "utf-8");
        post.setEntity(entity);
        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = HTTP_CLIENT.execute(post)) {
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        }
    }

    public static String httpPostJson(String url, String body, Map<String, String> headers) throws IOException {
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
        headers.forEach(post::addHeader);
        post.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8"));
        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = HTTP_CLIENT.execute(post)) {
            return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        }
    }

}