涉及知识点:jquery方式实现Ajax
若控制器处理请求后,无须跳转到其他任何资源,则可以让控制器方法返回void类型。
例如:对于Ajax的异步请求的响应,其请求完成后往往还停留在原来的页面,无须跳转,可以让控制器方法返回void类型。
1.使用Ajax技术的前提
i.导入JSON的相关jar包
控制器方法返回void类型,本项目中服务器向浏览器传回的是JSON对象格式,故需要导入JSON的JAR包。
ii.导入Jackson的相关jar包
控制器方法返回Object对象,需要使用@ResponseBody注解,将转换后的JSON数据放入响应体中。
控制器方法返回Object类型,一般将数据转化成为JSON对象后传递给浏览器页面的,这个由Object转换为JSON的工作,由Jackson工具完成,故需要导入Jackson的相关jar包。
iii.引入jquery库
由于本项目要使用jquery的ajax()方法提交ajax请求,所以项目需要引入jquery库
应用实例:在index.jsp页面中创建一系列按钮来实现Ajax技术在spring mvc中的应用
UserController.java
package com.xiaochen.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.xiaochen.entity.User;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
// 控制器方法返回void类型
@RequestMapping("/doajax01.do")
public void doAjax01(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, User user)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 使用map对象封装jsp页面传来的数据
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("name", user.getName());
map.put("password", user.getPassword());
// 将map对象转换成JSONObject对象
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(map);
// 把JSONObject对象转换为JSON格式的字符串
String jsonStr = jsonObject.toString();
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print(jsonStr);
out.close();
}
// 控制器方法返回Object数据
// 数值型对象
@RequestMapping("/doajax02.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public Object doAjax02() {
return 2021.0112;
}
// 字符串型对象
@RequestMapping("/doajax03.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public Object doAjax03() {
return "Bey JIEA!!!";
}
// 实体类型对象
@RequestMapping("/doajax04.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public Object doAjax04() {
User user = new User("小尘", "123");
return user;
}
// Map类型对象
@RequestMapping("/doajax05.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public Object doAjax05() {
User user1 = new User("小白", "111");
User user2 = new User("小黑", "222");
Map<String, User> map = new HashMap<String, User>();
map.put("user1", user1);
map.put("user2", user2);
return map;
}
// List类型对象
@RequestMapping("/doajax06.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public Object doAjax06() {
User user1 = new User("小罗", "333");
User user2 = new User("小黄", "444");
List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
list.add(user1);
list.add(user2);
return list;
}
// Ajax/JSON专项突破
@RequestMapping("/doajax07.do")
public void doAjax07(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, User user)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 使用map对象封装jsp页面传来的数据
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("name", user.getName());
map.put("password", user.getPassword());
// 将map对象转换成JSONObject对象
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(map);
// 把JSONObject对象转换为JSON格式的字符串
String jsonStr = jsonObject.toString();
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print(jsonStr);
out.close();
}
@RequestMapping("/doajax08.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public User doAjax08(User user) {
return user;
}
@RequestMapping("/doajax09.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public User doAjax09(String name,String password) {
User user=new User(name,password);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping("/doajax10.do")
@ResponseBody // 将转换后的json数据放入响应体中
public User doAjax10(@RequestBody User user) {
return user;
}
@RequestMapping("/doajax11.do")
public void doAjax11(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,String name)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.print(name);
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
User.java
package com.xiaochen.entity;
public class User {
private String name;
private String password;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, String password) {
this.name = name;
this.password = password;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 配置组件扫描器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xiaochen.controller"/>
<!-- 注册springmvc的注解驱动 -->
<!-- 添加注解驱动的作用是使JSON字符串可以自动转换为实体类 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>springmvc1</display-name>
<!--注册字符集过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<!--指定字符集-->
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<!--强制使用指定字符集-->
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<!-- 引入js库 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
//验证控制器方法能否返回void类型数据
$("#btn01").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax01.do",
data:{
name:"小尘",
password:"123"
},
success:function(data){
var jsonobject=JSON.parse(data);
alert("用户名:"+jsonobject.name+" 密码:"+jsonobject.password);
}
});
});
//验证控制器方法能否返回Object类型数据
//数值类型
$("#btn02").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax02.do",
success:function(data){
alert(data);
}
});
});
//字符串类型
$("#btn03").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax03.do",
success:function(data){
alert(data);
}
});
});
//实体类型对象
$("#btn04").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax04.do",
success:function(data){
alert("用户名:"+data.name+"密码:"+data.password);
}
});
});
//Map类型对象
$("#btn05").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax05.do",
success:function(data){
alert("用户名:"+data.user1.name+"密码:"+data.user1.password);
alert("用户名:"+data.user2.name+"密码:"+data.user2.password);
}
});
});
//List类型对象
$("#btn06").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax06.do",
success:function(data){
$(data).each(function(index){
alert("用户名:"+data[index].name+"密码:"+data[index].password);
});
}
});
});
//Ajax/JSON专项突破
$("#btn07").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax07.do",
data:{
name:"小尘",
password:"123"
},
success:function(data){
//用于将服务端传回来的JSON字符串解释转换为JSON对象
var jsonobject=JSON.parse(data);
alert("用户名:"+jsonobject.name+" 密码:"+jsonobject.password);
}
});
});
$("#btn08").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax08.do",
data:{
name:"小尘",
password:"123"
},
success:function(data){
alert("用户名:"+data.name+" 密码:"+data.password);
}
});
});
$("#btn09").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax09.do",
data:{
name:"小尘",
password:"123"
},
success:function(data){
alert("用户名:"+data.name+" 密码:"+data.password);
}
});
});
$("#btn10").click(function(){
//定义一个JSON对象
var jsonObj={name:"小尘",password:"123"};
//将JSON对象转化为字符串
var jsonStr=JSON.stringify(jsonObj);
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax10.do",
data:jsonStr,
type:"post",
contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
success:function(data){
alert("用户名:"+data.name+" 密码:"+data.password);
}
});
});
$("#btn11").click(function(){
$.ajax({
url:"user/doajax11.do",
data:"name=Bey JIEA!!!",
success:function(data){
alert(data);
}
});
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 验证控制器方法能否返回void类型数据 -->
<input id="btn01" type="button" value="点我"><br><br>
<!-- 验证控制器方法能否返回Object类型数据 -->
<input id="btn02" type="button" value="返回数值"><br>
<input id="btn03" type="button" value="返回字符"><br>
<input id="btn04" type="button" value="返回对象"><br>
<input id="btn05" type="button" value="返回Map"><br>
<input id="btn06" type="button" value="返回List"><br><br>
<!-- Ajax/JSON专项突破 -->
<input id="btn07" type="button" value="Ajax发送JSON,服务端接收Bean返回JSON字符串"><br>
<input id="btn08" type="button" value="Ajax发送JSON,服务端接收Bean返回JSON"><br>
<input id="btn09" type="button" value="Ajax发送JSON,服务端接收属性返回JSON"><br>
<input id="btn10" type="button" value="Ajax发送JSON字符串,服务端接收Bean返回JSON"><br>
<input id="btn11" type="button" value="直接输出响应字符串"><br>
</body>
</html>
项目目录结构图
运行结果图
控制器返回void类型数据
控制器返回Object类型数据
Ajax/JSON专项突破