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设计模式(八)之组合模式
**
- 案例说明
假设我们要操作(添加或删除)和查询城市、街道和楼房的数据,城市、街道和楼房之间有层级归属关系,我们就可以使用到组合模式。可以在最上层定义一个抽象的地址类 AddressComponent,包含了已经默认实现的几种方法,还有抽象方法print(),其实现的子类视情况重写在AddressComponent默认实现的方法。
AddressComponent的子类有City,Street,Building,同时AddressComponent的子类又将AddressComponent组合了进去。
地址抽象类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public abstract class AddressComponent {
private String name;
private String description;
public void add(AddressComponent address){
System.out.println("默认实现");
}
public void remove(AddressComponent address){
System.out.println("默认实现");
}
public abstract void print();
}
地址子类
public class City extends AddressComponent{
List<AddressComponent> addressComponents = new ArrayList<>();
public City(String name,String descrition){
super(name,descrition);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return super.getName();
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return super.getDescription();
}
@Override
public void add(AddressComponent address) {
addressComponents.add(address);
}
@Override
public void remove(AddressComponent address) {
addressComponents.remove(address);
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println("——————————" + getName() + "——————————");
for (AddressComponent addressComponent : addressComponents) {
addressComponent.print();
}
}
}
public class Street extends AddressComponent{
List<AddressComponent> addressComponents = new ArrayList<>();
public Street(String name,String descrition){
super(name,descrition);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return super.getName();
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return super.getDescription();
}
@Override
public void add(AddressComponent address) {
addressComponents.add(address);
}
@Override
public void remove(AddressComponent address) {
addressComponents.remove(address);
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println("—————" + getName() + "—————");
for (AddressComponent addressComponent : addressComponents) {
addressComponent.print();
}
}
}
public class Building extends AddressComponent{
public Building(String name,String descrition){
super(name,descrition);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return super.getName();
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return super.getDescription();
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println(getName());
}
}
客户端
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AddressComponent szCity = new City("深圳","来了深圳就是惠州人");
AddressComponent zsStreet = new Street("中山路","不塞车");
AddressComponent rmStreet = new Street("人民路","塞车");
AddressComponent fhBuilding = new Building("富豪一栋","没两千万拿不下来一套");
AddressComponent pmBuilding = new Building("平民二栋","没八百万拿不下来一套");
AddressComponent pmsBuilding = new Building("平民四栋","没六百万拿不下来一套");
szCity.add(zsStreet);
szCity.add(rmStreet);
zsStreet.add(fhBuilding);
zsStreet.add(pmBuilding);
rmStreet.add(pmsBuilding);
szCity.print();
}
}
测试
D:\jdk8\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2\lib\idea_rt.jar=51859:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\jdk8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\jdk8\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\ideaworkspace\design_pattern\design\target\classes;D:\dev_tools\repository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.16.10\lombok-1.16.10.jar com.wd.composite.Client
——————————深圳——————————
—————中山路—————
富豪一栋
平民二栋
—————人民路—————
平民四栋
Process finished with exit code 0
其实感觉这种模式太简单了,没什么好说的…
- 总结
1、 组合模式用于将多个对象组合成树形结构以表示“整体-部分”的结构层次。组合模式对单个对象(叶子对象)和组合对象(容器对象)的使用具有一致性。
2、 组合对象的关键在于它定义了一个抽象构建类,它既可表示叶子对象,也可表示容器对象,客户仅仅需要针对这个抽象构建进行编程,无须知道他是叶子对象还是容器对象,都是一致对待。
3、 组合模式虽然能够非常好地处理层次结构,也使得客户端程序变得简单,但是它也使得设计变得更加抽象,而且也很难对容器中的构件类型进行限制,这会导致在增加新的构件时会产生一些问题。