[C#]学习笔记【2】文件操作

最近由于考研复试需要，记录与总结一下自己的学习所得。

1.读入一个xml类型的文件，后以一定格式输出为txt类型的文件。

xml文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<grades>
<grade>
<id>2019001</id>
<name>张三</name>
<course>机器学习</course>
<score>85</score>
</grade>
<grade>
<id>2019002</id>
<name>李四</name>
<course>操作系统</course>
<score>90</score>
</grade>
<grade>
<id>2019003</id>
<name>王五</name>
<course>数据结构</course>
<score>95</score>
</grade>
</grades>

预期输出结果为：

2019001,张三,机器学习,85
2019002,李四,操作系统,90
2019003,王五,数据结构,95

按照我自己的理解，xml是一个类似树状的文件结构，存在根节点，子节点等。可利用C#中已有API对各节点进行操作。下述代码将对XML的读、写及相应输出操作进行了封装。

using System.Xml;
public class RW
{
    //生产xml文档
        public void writexml()
        {
            //<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
            //1.实例化一个xmlDocument类
            XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();
            //声明语法
            XmlDeclaration xmlDeclaration = xdoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0","utf-8","yes");
            xdoc.AppendChild(xmlDeclaration);
            //一个xml文档，必须要有根元素
            //创建根节点grades
            XmlElement xmlElement = xdoc.CreateElement("grades");
            //把根节点添加到文档中去
            xdoc.AppendChild(xmlElement);
            create_child("2019001", "张三", "机器学习", 85, xdoc, xmlElement);
            create_child("2019002", "李四", "操作系统", 90, xdoc, xmlElement);
            create_child("2019003", "王五", "数据结构", 95, xdoc, xmlElement);
            create_child("2019003","王五","数据结构","95",xdoc, xmlElement);
            xdoc.Save("grades.xml");
        }
        //将子节点创建进行封装 -- 可根据实际需求进行修改
        private void create_child(string id,string name,string course,int     
                                  score,XmlDocument xdoc, XmlElement xmlElement)
        {
            //添加子节点
            XmlElement xmlElement3 = xdoc.CreateElement("grade");
            /*
                给节点添加属性：
                如给grade添加：
                xmlElement3.SetAttribute("Index","1");
            */
            //把子节点放置根节点下
            xmlElement.AppendChild(xmlElement3);
            //子节点的子节点
            XmlElement xmlElement3_1 = xdoc.CreateElement("id");
            xmlElement3.AppendChild(xmlElement3_1);
            xmlElement3_1.InnerText = id;
            XmlElement xmlElement3_2 = xdoc.CreateElement("name");
            xmlElement3.AppendChild(xmlElement3_2);
            xmlElement3_2.InnerText = name;
            XmlElement xmlElement3_3 = xdoc.CreateElement("course");
            xmlElement3.AppendChild(xmlElement3_3);
            xmlElement3_3.InnerText = course;
            XmlElement xmlElement3_4 = xdoc.CreateElement("score");
            xmlElement3.AppendChild(xmlElement3_4);
            //INT转String 
            xmlElement3_4.InnerText = Convert.ToString(score);
            //string转int用：Convert.ToInt32(string s)
            //这个方法的返回值是int类型，要用int类型的变量接收
        }
        //读取并进行输出
         public void readxml()
        {
            string txt = "";
            XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();
            //加载
            xdoc.Load("grades.xml");
            //获取根节点
            XmlNode xmlNode = xdoc.SelectSingleNode("grades");
            //获取节点的所有子节点
            XmlNodeList xmlNodeList = xmlNode.ChildNodes;

            foreach (XmlNode xn in xmlNodeList)
            {
                int count = 0;
                //类型显示转化
                //节点属性
                /*
                XmlElement xmle = (XmlElement)xn;
                string id = xmle.GetAttribute("id");
                string name = xmle.GetAttribute("name");
                string course = xmle.GetAttribute("course");
                string score = xmle.GetAttribute("score");
                Console.WriteLine(id + "-"+ name + "-" + course + "-" + score);
                */
                string id = "", name = "", course = "", score ="";
                
                //取子节点属性
                XmlElement xmle = (XmlElement)xn;
                XmlNodeList xmlNodeList_child = xn.ChildNodes;
                foreach (XmlNode xn_child in xmlNodeList_child)
                {
                    
                    //类型显示转化
                    XmlElement xmle_child = (XmlElement)xn_child;
                    
                    switch (count)
                    {
                        case 0: id = xmle_child.InnerText; Console.WriteLine(id); break;
                        case 1: name = xmle_child.InnerText; Console.WriteLine(name); break;
                        case 2: course = xmle_child.InnerText; Console.WriteLine(course);                                                                     
                                break;
                        case 3: score = xmle_child.InnerText; Console.WriteLine(score); 
                                break;
                    }
                    count++;
                       
                }
                // 下述为将xml按行写入txt文件与数据库
                if(count == 4)
                {
                    //db的创建参考学习笔记【1】中的sql_operate类
                    db.setbysql(@"insert into [grades] values ('"+ id + "','" + name + "','"                     
                                + course + "','" + score+"') ");
                    txt += id + ","+ name + "," + course + "," + score + "\r\n";
                    Console.WriteLine(txt);
                   
                }
                
            }
            System.IO.File.WriteAllText(@"路径名\grades1.txt",txt);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
}

2.读入一个txt类型的文件，并将每行读取信息以某一标点符号进行分割，以逗号为例。

using System.IO; 
public void read_txt(string path)
        {
            String line;
            try
            {
                //将文件路径名传入StreamReader 
                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(path);
                //读取第一行
                line = sr.ReadLine();
                //持续读取直至文件已经遍历完毕
                while (line != null)
                {
                    //利用Split进行字符串分割
                    string[] words = line.Split(',');
                    //将一条字符串分割后的数据在控制台进行输出
                    foreach (var word in words)
                    {
                        System.Console.WriteLine(word);
                    }
                    // System.Console.WriteLine("next");
                    //Read the next line
                    line = sr.ReadLine();
                }
                //System.Console.WriteLine("close");
                //close the file
                sr.Close();
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + e.Message);
            }
            finally
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Executing finally block.");
            }
        }

3.读入一个txt文件，后以一定格式输出为xml文件；

txt文件内容为：

201833,王二,操作系统,70
201834,张三,操作系统,90
201834,张三,嵌入式系统,20

输出格式为：（名字重复需合并课程名，若出现重复名字将会是连续出现）

<students>
    <student>
        <学号>学生学号</学号>
        <姓名>学生姓名</姓名>
        <课程 课程名="课程名1">分数1</课程>
        <课程 课程名="课程名2">分数2</课程>
    </student>
</students>

实现代码如下（在1，2代码框架上修改实现）

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.IO; 
private XmlElement create_child_2(string id, string name, string course, string 
                                 score, XmlDocument xdoc, XmlElement xmlElement)
        {
            //添加子节点
            XmlElement xmlElement3 = xdoc.CreateElement("student");
            //xmlElement3.SetAttribute("Index", "1");
            //把子节点放置根节点下
            xmlElement.AppendChild(xmlElement3);
            //子节点的子节点
            XmlElement xmlElement3_1 = xdoc.CreateElement("学号");
            xmlElement3.AppendChild(xmlElement3_1);
            xmlElement3_1.InnerText = id;
            XmlElement xmlElement3_2 = xdoc.CreateElement("姓名");
            xmlElement3.AppendChild(xmlElement3_2);
            xmlElement3_2.InnerText = name;
            XmlElement xmlElement3_3 = xdoc.CreateElement("课程");
            xmlElement3_3.SetAttribute("课程名", course);
            xmlElement3.AppendChild(xmlElement3_3);
            xmlElement3_3.InnerText = score;
            return xmlElement3;
        }
        private void add_child_message(XmlDocument xdoc, XmlElement     
                       xmlelement_temp, string course, string score)
        {
            XmlElement xmlElement3_3 = xdoc.CreateElement("课程");
            xmlElement3_3.SetAttribute("课程名", course);
            xmlelement_temp.AppendChild(xmlElement3_3);
            xmlElement3_3.InnerText = score;
        }
        public void txt_to_xml(string path1,string path2)
        {
            String line;
            String name="";//存储上一行中的学生名字信息
            
            //<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
            //1.实例化一个xmlDocument类
            XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();
            //存储xml最后一个子节点
            XmlElement xmlelement_temp = null;
            //声明语法
            XmlDeclaration xmlDeclaration = xdoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", 
                                           "utf-8", "yes");
            xdoc.AppendChild(xmlDeclaration);
            //一个xml文档，必须要有根元素
            //创建根节点grades
            XmlElement xmlElement = xdoc.CreateElement("students");
            //把根节点添加到文档中去
            xdoc.AppendChild(xmlElement);
            try
            {
                //Pass the file path and file name to the StreamReader 
                  constructor

                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(path1);
                //Read the first line of text
                line = sr.ReadLine();
                //Continue to read until you reach end of file
                while (line != null)
                {
                    int length=0;
                    string[] words = line.Split(',');
                    //write the line to console window
                    foreach (var word in words)
                    {
                        length++;
                    }
                    if (!name.Equals(words[1]))
                    {
                        name = words[1];
                        xmlelement_temp = create_child_2(words[0], words[1], 
                                      words[2], words[3], xdoc, xmlElement);
                        
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        add_child_message(xdoc, xmlelement_temp, words[2], 
                                                                words[3]);
                        System.Console.WriteLine("equal");
                    }
                    // System.Console.WriteLine("next");
                    //Read the next line
                    line = sr.ReadLine();
                }
                
                xdoc.Save(path2);
                //System.Console.WriteLine("close");
                //close the file
                sr.Close();
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + e.Message);
            }
            finally
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Executing finally block.");
            }
        }