MySQL备份数据库

1、首先创建student和score表

创建数据库

CREAT DATABASE sweet;

创建student表

CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE name PRIMARY KEY ，
VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL , 
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) , address VARCHAR(50)
);

创建score表

CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT , 
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) , 
grade INT(10)
);

2、在表内添加数据

student表

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市'); 
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

score表

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90); 
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3、备份数据库sweet到/backup目录中

[root@mgr1 ~] mysql -uroot -p'' --default-character-set=utf8 -B sweet > /tmp/mysql_backups/sweet.$(date +%F).sql
[root@mgr1 ~] ll /tmp/mysql_backups/
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 19 13:32 sweet.2022-09-19.sql

4、备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

mysqldump --add-drop-table -uroot -p'' sweet > /tmp/mysql_backups/sweet.sql
[root@mgr1 mysql_backups]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Sep 19 13:32 sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3624 Sep 19 13:42 sweet.sql

5、直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@mgr1 ~] mysqldump | gzip > /tmp/mysql_backups/sweet.sql.gz
[root@mgr1 ~] ll /tmp/mysql_backups/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Sep 19 13:32 sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3624 Sep 19 13:42 sweet.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  130 Sep 19 14:07 sweet.sql.gz

6、备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@mgr1 ~] mysql -uroot -p'' sweet student > /tmp/mysql_backups/tb_student.$(date +%F).sql
[root@mgr1 ~] ll /tmp/mysql_backups/
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Sep 19 13:32 sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3624 Sep 19 13:42 sweet.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   130 Sep 19 14:07 sweet.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13461 Sep 19 14:09 tb_student.2022-09-19.sql

7、同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

CREATE DATABASE hani;

[root@mgr1 ~] mysqldump -uroot -p'' -B sweet hani > /tmp/mysql_backups/sweet+hani.$(date +%F).sql
[root@mgr1 ~] ll /tmp/mysql_backups/
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Sep 19 13:32 sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4031 Sep 19 14:13 sweet+hani.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3624 Sep 19 13:42 sweet.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   130 Sep 19 14:07 sweet.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13461 Sep 19 14:09 tb_student.2022-09-19.sql

8、仅仅备份数据库结构

mysqldump -uroot -p'' -d sweet > /tmp/mysql_backups/struture_sweet.$(date +%F).sql
[root@mgr1 ~]# ll /tmp/mysql_backups/
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2629 Sep 19 14:15 struture_sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Sep 19 13:32 sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4031 Sep 19 14:13 sweet+hani.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3624 Sep 19 13:42 sweet.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   130 Sep 19 14:07 sweet.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13461 Sep 19 14:09 tb_student.2022-09-19.sql

9、备份服务器上所有数据库

mysqldump --all-databases > /tmp/mysql_backups/all_backupfile.sql
 
[root@mgr1 ~]# ll /tmp/mysql_backups/
total 1236
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1232049 Sep 19 14:17 all_backupfile.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    2629 Sep 19 14:15 struture_sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       0 Sep 19 13:32 sweet.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    4031 Sep 19 14:13 sweet+hani.2022-09-19.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    3624 Sep 19 13:42 sweet.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     130 Sep 19 14:07 sweet.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   13461 Sep 19 14:09 tb_student.2022-09-19.sql