Spring Boot学习笔记-5

Spring Boot学习笔记-5

一、Restful-CRUD

	普通CRUD（uri来区分操作）	RestfulCRUD
查询	getEmp	emp—GET
添加	addEmp?xxx	emp—POST
修改	updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx	emp/{id}—PUT
删除	deleteEmp?id=1	emp/{id}—DELETE

功能	请求URI	请求方式
查询所有员工	emps	GET
查询某个员工(来到修改页面)	emp/1	GET
来到添加页面	emp	GET
添加员工	emp	POST
修改员工	emp	PUT
删除员工	emp/1	DELETE

（1）将请求映射到页面

1.方法有返回值，会得到Thymeleaf模板引擎解析，在templates包下找返回页面

//HelloController
//"/"和"index.html"都会返回index界面
@RequestMapping({"/","index.html"})
public String login()
{
    return "login";
}

2.重写addViewControllers，通过视图解析器将请求映射到相应页面

//MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer
 //将组件注册在容器中
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer WebMvcConfigurer()
{
    WebMvcConfigurer configurer = new WebMvcConfigurer() {
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
            registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
            registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
        }
    };
    return configurer;
}

---

（2）pom文件中的Thymeleaf应用

<!-- @{}引入URL，好处是需要修改时可直接在配置文件中修改(server.servlet.context-path=XXX) -->
<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.5.3/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">

---

（3）国际化

1）SpringMVC进行国际化配置步骤

1.编写国际化配置文件
2.使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
3.在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容

2）Spring Boot进行国际化配置步骤

1.编写国际化配置文件，抽取要显示的国际化消息
IDEA可自动识别显示国际化视图，在该界面可快捷添加配置(Resource Bundle)

2.Spring Boot已自动配置了管理国际化资源文件的组件

//MessageSourceAutoConfiguration
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource(MessageSourceProperties properties) {
	ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
	if (StringUtils.hasText(properties.getBasename())) {
        //设置国际化资源文件基础名(去掉语言&国家代码，如_zh_CN)
		messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils
				.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(properties.getBasename())));
	}
	if (properties.getEncoding() != null) {
		messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(properties.getEncoding().name());
	}
	messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(properties.isFallbackToSystemLocale());
	Duration cacheDuration = properties.getCacheDuration();
	if (cacheDuration != null) {
		messageSource.setCacheMillis(cacheDuration.toMillis());
	}
	messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(properties.isAlwaysUseMessageFormat());
	messageSource.setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(properties.isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage());
	return messageSource;
}

//MessageSourceProperties
//默认基础名为messages，即messages.properties不需配置
private String basename = "messages";

//指定基础名
spring.messages.basename=包名.XXX

3.获取国际化值

//Thymeleaf采用#{}获取国际化值
//placeholder也要用Thymeleaf内置属性换掉
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">

注意th:text只能用在标签体中，不能用在input中，应采用行内表达式

<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.remember}]]

避免中文出现乱码应采用UTF-8，在设置中修改

4.Locale区域信息对象

SpringMVC中通过LocaleResolver组件获取区域信息对象,Spring Boot中做了相应配置

//WebMvcAutoConfiguration
//无自定义LocaleResolver时使用默认组件
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
	if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
		return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	}
	AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
	localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	return localeResolver;
}

//AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
	Locale defaultLocale = getDefaultLocale();
	if (defaultLocale != null && request.getHeader("Accept-Language") == null) {
		return defaultLocale;
	}
	Locale requestLocale = request.getLocale();
	List<Locale> supportedLocales = getSupportedLocales();
	if (supportedLocales.isEmpty() || supportedLocales.contains(requestLocale)) {
		return requestLocale;
	}
	Locale supportedLocale = findSupportedLocale(request, supportedLocales);
	if (supportedLocale != null) {
		return supportedLocale;
	}
	return (defaultLocale != null ? defaultLocale : requestLocale);
}

在链接请求中附加国际化值

<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/login.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/login.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>

自定义LocaleResolver

//MyLocaleResolver
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver 
{
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) 
{
    String l = request.getParameter("l");
    Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
    if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l))
    {
        String[] split = l.split("_");
        locale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
    }
    return locale;
}
}

//添加到容器(在配置类中)
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver()
{
    return new MyLocaleResolver();
}

---

（4）登录

1.禁用模板引擎缓存(保证实时修改)

spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

2.判断返回错误信息

@Controller
public class LoginController {

    @PostMapping(value = "/user/login")
    //@RequestParam标记的属性未提交时报错
    public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username,
                        @RequestParam("password") String password,
                        Map<String,Object> map, HttpSession session)
    {
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty("username") && "123456".equals(password))
        {
            session.setAttribute("loginUser",username);
            //防止表单重复提交，不直接返回页面而是使用视图映射重定向
            return "redirect:/main.html";
        }
        else
        {
            map.put("msg","用户名密码错误！");
            return "login";
        }
    }
}

<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

3.拦截器进行登录检查

public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

@Override
//目标方法执行前
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
    Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
    if(user == null)
    {
        //拦截
        request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限访问!");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
        return false;
    }
    else
    {
        return true;
    }
}

//配置类
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**").
            excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
    }

4.将用户名写到页面上

<a class="navbar-brand col-sm-3 col-md-2 mr-0" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">[[${session.loginUser}]]</a>

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二、错误处理机制

（1）默认错误处理

浏览器：

其它客户端：

ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration中给容器添加了以下组件：

1. DefaultErrorAttributes
2. BasicErrorController
3. ErrorPageCustomizer
4. PreserveErrorControllerTargetClassPostProcessor
5. DefaultErrorViewResolver
6. View
7. BeanNameViewResolver

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（2）定制错误响应

1.定制错误页面(浏览器)

2.定制错误json数据(其它客户端)