-
JS的作用：
-
- 修饰 HTML 标签（CSS）
- 设置 HTML 标签的动作（JS）
- JS特点：基于对象的编程语言，通过浏览器解释执行
- 作用：表单验证、改变标签样式、获取和设置标签属性值
1 表单验证:
<form action="遍历数组的三种方式.html" οnsubmit="return checkAll()" >
<input type = "submit" value="判断"/>
</form>
<form action="遍历数组的三种方式.html" method = "get" id = "myForm">
<input type = "button" value="普通按钮" οnclick="checkForm()"/>
</form>
function checkAll(){
return checkName()&&checkPassWord()&&checkCell()&&checkMail()
}function checkForm(){
if (checkName()&&checkPassWord()&&checkCell()&&checkMail()){
document.getElementById("myForm").submit();
}
}表单拦截
表单中有"提交"按钮的情况：
1 表单提交触发 表单的提交事件 onsubmit
如果返回为false,则不提交表单,否则提交表单
实现步骤:
1 给各个表单元素的验证方法设置返回值
如果验证通过返回true,否则返回false
2 编写一个与onsubmit事件相关函数
调用每个验证方法,如果都返回为true,
则return true,否则return false
3 在form标签中,写onsubmit事件
<form οnsubmit="return 相关函数名()"<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> <style> input{ width:300px; height:20px; margin:10px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; } </style> </head> <body> <input type="text" id = "userName" onblur = "checkName()"/> <span id="tips" >用户名正确性</span> <script src="js/验证表单用户名.js"></script> <script src ="js/验证密码.js"></script> <script src ="js/验证手机号.js"></script> <script src ="js/验证邮箱.js"></script> </body> </html>function checkName(){ let userName = document.getElementById("userName").value let tipObj =document.getElementById("tips") // let tip = document.getElementById("tips").innerHTML // console.log(tip) if(userName == ""){ document.getElementById("tips").innerHTML= "用户名不能为空!" tipObj.style.color = "red" return false; } if(userName.charAt(0)>0 && userName.charAt(0)<9 ){ tipObj.innerHTML = "用户名不能以数字开头" tipObj.style.color = "red" return false; } for (let s of userName.toLowerCase()) { if(!(s>="a"&&s<="z") && !(s>=0&&s<=9) && !(s="_")){ tipObj.innerHTML = "用户名只能包含字母，数字，下划线" tipObj.style.color = "red" return false; } } if(!(userName.length>=8 && userName.length<=15)){ tipObj.innerHTML = "用户名长度为8到15位" tipObj.style.color = "red" return false; } tipObj.innerHTML = "✔" tipObj.style.color = "green" return true; }function checkPassWord(){ let password = document.getElementById("password").value let passwordInput = document.getElementById("passwordInput"); if(password == ""){ passwordInput.innerHTML = "密码不能为空"; passwordInput.style.color = "red" return false; } if(!password.length>=8 && password.length <= 15 ){ passwordInput.innerHTML = "密码长度为8-15位" passwordInput.style.color = "red" return false; } for (let s of password.toLowerCase()) { if(!(s >= 0 && s<= 9 ) && !(s>="a" && s<="z" ) ){ passwordInput.innerHTML = "密码包含字母和数字" passwordInput.style.color = "red"; return false; } } passwordInput.innerHTML = "✔"; passwordInput.style.color = "green"; return true; }function checkCell(){ let cell = document.getElementById("cell").value; let cellInput = document.getElementById("cellInput"); if(cell == ""){ cellInput.innerHTML= "手机号不能为空" cellInput.style.color = "red"; return false; } let m = cell.charAt(0) if(m !== "1"){ cellInput.innerHTML= "必须以1开头" cellInput.style.color = "red"; return false; } if( cell.charAt(1) !== 3 || cell.charAt(1) !== 8 || cell.charAt(1) !== 5 || cell.charAt(1) !== 7 ){ cellInput.innerHTML = "第二位必须3，5，7，8" cellInput.style.color = "red" return false; } if(cell.length != 11){ cellInput.innerHTML ="长度为11位" cellInput.style.color = "red" return false; } cellInput.innerHTML = "✔"; cellInput.style.color = "green"; return true; }function checkMail(){ let mail = document.getElementById("mail").value let mailInput = document.getElementById("mailInput"); let count = 0; let countdian = 0; if(mail == ""){ mailInput.innerHTML = "邮箱不能为空" mailInput.style.color = "red" return false; } for (let s of mail) { if(s == "@"){ count++; } if(s == "."){ countdian++; } } if(count == 0){ mailInput.innerHTML = "邮箱必须包含@" mailInput.style.color = "red" return false; } if(countdian !== 1){ mailInput.innerHTML = "邮箱必须包含." mailInput.style.color = "red" return false; } if(mail.indexOf(".")<=mail.indexOf("@")){ mailInput.innerHTML = "邮箱的.在@之后" mailInput.style.color = "red" return false; } mailInput.innerHTML = "✔" mailInput.style.color = "green" return true; }
2获取和设置标签属性值:
<input type = "text" id = "mail" onblur = "checkMail()" > <span id = "mailInput" >邮箱必须包含@且仅包含一个.同时@后面包含一个</span> <br>function checkMail(){ let mail = document.getElementById("mail").value let mailInput = document.getElementById("mailInput"); if(mail == ""){ mailInput.innerHTML = "邮箱不能为空" mailInput.style.color = "red" return false; }一 获取标签对象,属性,值
一) 获取标签对象的方法
1 通过ID获取单个对象
document.getElementById("id名");
2 通过标签名获取一组标签对象
getElementsByTagName("标签名")
二 ) 获取和设置标签的属性值
获取属性值: let 变量名= 标签对象.属性名
赋值: 标签对象.属性名 = 值
注意 :checked,selected,readonly,disabled返回的值为true或false
三) 获取和设置表单元素的值
取值: let 变量名= 表单元素对象.value
赋值: 表单元素对象.value = 值
注意: 获取到的表单元素值,为string类型,如果无值,则为""
四) 修改标签的样式
1) 使用style属性
标签对象.style.样式属性名=值;
innerHTML、innerText 与 textContent 的区别？
innerText 属性返回：
只返回元素及其所有子元素的文本内容，没有 CSS 隐藏文本间距和标签，除了 <script> 和 <style> 元素。
innerHTML 属性返回：
元素的文本内容，包括所有空白和内部 HTML 标签。
textContent 属性返回：
元素和所有后代的文本内容，带有空白和 CSS 隐藏文本，但没有标签。
3改变标签样式
<script>
let index = -1;
function scrollingDisplay(){
if(arguments.length !== 0){
index = arguments[0]
}else{
if(index == 5){
index =-1;
}
index ++;
}
let imgs = document.getElementById("scroll_img").getElementsByTagName("li");
let nums = document.getElementById("scroll_number").getElementsByTagName("li");
for (i = 0; i < imgs.length; i++) {
if(i == index){
imgs[i].style.display = "block"
nums[i].className= "sroll_number_over"
}else{
imgs[i].style.display = "none"
nums[i].className= "";
}
}
}<script>
<div class="scroll_mid">
<ul id="scroll_img">
<li><img src="images/dd_scroll_1.jpg"/></li>
<li><img src="images/dd_scroll_2.jpg"/></li>
<li><img src="images/dd_scroll_3.jpg"/></li>
<li><img src="images/dd_scroll_4.jpg"/></li>
<li><img src="images/dd_scroll_5.jpg"/></li>
<li><img src="images/dd_scroll_6.jpg"/></li>
</ul>
<ul id="scroll_number">
<li class="scroll_number_over" οnmοuseοver="numOver(0)" οnmοuseοut="numOut()">1</li>
<li οnmοuseοver="numOver(1)" οnmοuseοut="numOut()">2</li>
<li οnmοuseοver="numOver(2)" οnmοuseοut="numOut()">3</li>
<li οnmοuseοver="numOver(3)" οnmοuseοut="numOut()">4</li>
<li οnmοuseοver="numOver(4)" οnmοuseοut="numOut()">5</li>
<li οnmοuseοver="numOver(5)" οnmοuseοut="numOut()">6</li>
</ul>
</div>
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JS如何写在HTML页面中：
- 直接写在标签中的属性中
- 内嵌在页面中的
<script>标签中 - 定义独立的 JS 文件，在页面最后引入
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JS的基本语法：
- 定义变量：使用
let关键字 - 数据类型：undefined, boolean, number, string, object
undefined - 未赋值的变量
boolean - true或false
number - 整数或小数
string - 使用单引号或双引号引起来的一串字符
object - 内置对象,或标签对象 - 定义变量：使用
-
- 运算符：赋值运算符、算术运算符、比较运算符、逻辑运算符
-
分支结构：
0. 判断条件的真假值：
数字:0 表示false ,非0true
字符串: ""为false ,非空串:true
null :false
undefined :false-
if 语句
<body>
<input type = "button" οnclick="display()" value="显示1-100所有偶数，每行10个">
<script>
function display(){
let count = 1;
for(var num = 1; num<=100; num++){
if(num%2 == 0){
document.write(num+" ");
count ++;
if(count ===10){
document.write("<br>")
count = 1;
}
}
}
}</script>
</body> -
if-else 语句
-
if-else-if 语句
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> <style> input{ width:300px; height:20px; margin:10px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>输入1-99之间的整数，猜数游戏</h1> <hr> <span>输入第一个数:</span> <input type = "text" id = "one"> <br> <input type = "button" onclick="gess()" id = "two" value="猜一猜"> <br> <span>结果:</span> <input type = "text" id = "result" readonly> <script> let random ="" ; let count = 0; function gess(){ if( random == ""){ random = parseInt(Math.random()*99+1); } console.log(random); let str = document.getElementById("one").value; let num = parseInt(str); if(num > random){ document.getElementById("result").value = "大了" }else if(num < random){ document.getElementById("result").value = "小了" }else { alert("猜对了!") return; location.reload(); } count++; if(count==7){ return; location.reload(); } } </script> </body> </html> -
switch 语句 (使用 ===判断)
-
-
循环语句：
- while 循环
- for 循环
3) 数组的遍历
3.1) 通过下标使用for循环遍历
for(let i = 0; i<arr.length; i++){
//访问元素 arr[下标]
}
3.2) 使用for -in的方式遍历数组,仅遍历有值的元素
:t 临时变量存储为有值元素的下标
for(let t in arr){
//访问元素 arr[t]
}
2.3) for-of
:t 表示数组元素的值
for(let t of arr){
//数组元素 : t
}
2.4) forEach方法 -
函数：
- 定义语法
- 参数对象
arguments - 全局函数：parseInt(), parseFloat(), isNaN()
parseInt(),parseFloat():
<input type = "button" onclick="displayAll()" value="显示100-1000的所有水仙花数"> <script> function displayAll(){ for(var m = 100; m<=999;m++){ if(judgeNum(m) == m){ alert(m); } } } function judgeNum(num){ let hundersPlace = Math.floor(num/100); let onesPlace = Math.floor(num%10); let tensPlace = Math.floor(num%100/10); if( (onesPlace*onesPlace*onesPlace + tensPlace*tensPlace*tensPlace+ hundersPlace* hundersPlace* hundersPlace) == num ){ return num; }else{ return 0; } } </script>isNaN() :判断是否为非数值
当值中包含非数值的字符 :true
纯数值 :false 25.6
eval(String):eval() 函数计算或执行参数。
如果参数是表达式，则 eval() 计算表达式
例如: eval("2+3") -->5网页版计算器
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> <style> h1{ text-align:center; } div{ width :40%; height: 40%; margin: 0 auto; border:10px solid #ffff7f; padding-left: 10px; text-align:center; } input{ width:300px; height:20px; margin:10px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; } input:not(:nth-of-type(1),:nth-of-type(2),:nth-of-type(7)){ width:85px; height:20px; background-color:#e0e0e0; border:1px solid ; } </style> </head> <body> <div > <h1>简单计算器</h1> <hr> <span>输入第一个数:</span> <input type = "text" id = "one"> <br> <span>输入第二个数:</span> <input type = "text" id = "two"> <br> <input type = "button" onclick="add()" id = "add" readonly value="+"> <input type = "button" onclick="reduce()" id = "reduce" readonly value="-"> <input type = "button" onclick="multication()" id = "multication" readonly value="*"> <input type = "button" onclick="division()" id = "division" readonly value="/"> <br> <span>计算结果 : </span> <input type = "text" id = "result" readonly> </div> <script> // document.write(" 计算器 ") // document.write(" <hr> ") // document.write("<br/> ") function add(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alert("值非法") return; } let a = parseFloat(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseFloat(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value = +a +b } function reduce(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alter("值非法") return; } let a = parseInt(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseInt(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value = +a -b } function multication(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alter("值非法") return; } let a = parseInt(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseInt(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value =(+a *b) } function division(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alter("值非法") return; } let a = parseInt(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseInt(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value = (+a /b) } </script> </body> </html>
内置对象
1 Math对象
Math.random() : 0~1的随机数
Math.ceil()
Math.floor()
2 Number对象
toFixed(x); :设置数值保留x位小数位,x可省略不保留小数
3 Date对象let date = new Date();
let year = date.getFullYear();
let month = 1 + date.getMonth();
let dateMonth = date.getDate();
let week = date.getDay;
document.write(year+","+month+","+dateMonth+","+week)
1) 创建日期对象
new Date() :返回系统当前日期
new Date(year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds)
new Date(milliseconds) // 设置距离1970-01-01的毫秒值
new Date(date string)2) 常用方法
getXXX() :取值,返回数值
setXXX()
3) 示例: 时钟效果
3.1) 在html页面中编写段落标签
<p></p>
3.2) 定义函数,获取日期和时间
使用"innerHTML"把时间赋值给段落标签
3.3) 使用窗体加载事件,调用日期函数
window.onload : 在页面加载时，发生此事件。
3.4) 设置定时器,间隔时长为1秒
//以指定的时间间隔（以毫秒为单位）调用函数
window.setInterval("函数名()",间隔时长);动态显示时间年月日时分秒
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <p id = "time"></p> <script> function showTime(){ let dt = new Date(); let year = dt.getFullYear(); let month = dt.getMonth()+1; let date = dt.getDate(); let week = dt.getDay(); let hour = dt.getHours(); let minute = dt.getMinutes(); let second = dt.getSeconds(); document.getElementById("time").innerHTML = year + "年" + month + "月" + date + "日" + week + "星期" + hour + "小时" + jialing(minute) + "分钟" + jialing(second )+ "秒"; } window.onload = showTime(); window.setInterval("showTime()",1000); function jialing(num){ if(num < 10){ num = "0" + num; } return num; } </script> </body> </html>
4 Array对象1)创建数组对象
var array-name = [item1, item2, ...];
var cars = new Array("Saab", "Volvo", "BMW");
var arr = new Array(5);
2) 常用属性,方法
属性: length
方法:
2.1) arrayObject.splice(index,howmany,item1,.....,itemX)
方法向/从数组中添加/删除项目，然后返回被删除的项目。
参数 描述
index 必需。整数，规定添加/删除项目的位置，使用负数可从数组结尾处规定位置。
howmany 必需。要删除的项目数量。如果设置为 0，则不会删除项目。
item1, ..., itemX 可选。向数组添加的新项目。
2.2) sort()排序的方法
sort() 方法将按字母和升序将值作为字符串进行排序。
如果按数字排,则在sort()中指定排序规则的函数
升序:sort(function(a,b){return a-b})
降序: sort(function(a,b){return b-a})
3) 数组的遍历
3.1) 通过下标使用for循环遍历
for(let i = 0; i<arr.length; i++){
//访问元素 arr[下标]
}
3.2) 使用for -in的方式遍历数组,仅遍历有值的元素
:t 临时变量存储为有值元素的下标
for(let t in arr){
//访问元素 arr[t]
}
3.3) for-of
:t 表示数组元素的值
for(let t of arr){
//数组元素 : t
}
3.4) forEach方法
4) 数组示例: --> 图片轮播<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <select name="attacker" id="attacker" onchange="addRole()"> <option value="">选择职业</option> </select> <select name="role" id="role"> <option value="">选择角色</option> </select> <script> let attackers = new Array(); attackers["近卫"] = ["史尔特尔","银灰","玛恩纳"]; attackers["重装"] = ["星熊","古米"]; attackers["术士"] = ["阿米娅","远山"]; function addAttacker(){ let attacker = document.getElementById("attacker"); for (let s in attackers) { let op = new Option(s,s) attacker.add(op,null) } } window.onload = addAttacker function addRole(){ let attacker = document.getElementById("attacker").value; let role = document.getElementById("role"); role.options.length = 1 for (let s of attackers[attacker]) { let op = new Option(s,s) role.add(op,null); } } </script> </body> </html>let op =new Option(s,s)
前一个s为给用户看到的页面显示值，
后一个s为页面对应option标签的value值
role.add(op,null)
前者为select标签内增加的option对象，后者对应具体位置
5 String对象
6 RegExp 对象
使用正则表达式实现表单拦截<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form action="index.html" method = "get" id = "myForm"></form> <input type = "text" id = "userName" onblur="checkName()"> <span id = "tips" >用户名包含8-15位字母数字下划线不能以数字开头</span> <br> <input type = "password" id = "password" onblur="checkPassWord()" > <span id = "passwordInput" >密码包含8-15位字母数字</span> <br> <input type="password" id = "repeatPassword" onblur = "checkRepeatPassWord())" > <span id = "repeatPasswordInput" >密码包含8-15位字母数字</span> <br> <input type = "text" id = "cell" onblur = "checkCell()" > <span id = "cellInput" >手机号为11位数字，必须以1开头，第二位3，5，7，8</span> <br> <input type = "text" id = "mail" onblur = "checkMail()" > <span id = "mailInput" >邮箱必须包含@且仅包含一个.同时@后面包含一个</span> <br> <input type = "text" id = "idCar" onblur = "checkIdCar()" > <span id = "idInput" >长度18位，前17位为数字，18位为数字或字母x</span> <br> <!-- <input type="text" id = "sex" onblur = "checkSex()" readonly> <span id = "" ></span> <br> <input type="text" id = "birthday" onblur = "checkBirthday()" readonly> <span id = "" ></span> <br> --> <!-- <input type = "submit" value="判断"/> --> <input type = "reset" value="重置"/> <input type = "button" value="普通按钮" onclick="checkAll()"/> </form> <script src="js/用户正则表达式.js"></script> </body> </html>function checkName(){ let userName = document.getElementById("userName").value; let tips = document.getElementById("tips"); if(userName == ""){ tips.innerHTML = "用户名为空" tips.style.color = "red" return false; } let reg = /^\d/ if(reg.test(userName)){ tips.innerHTML = "开头不能是数字" tips.style.color = "red" return false; } reg = /[\d \w _]{8,15}/ if(!reg.test(userName)){ tips.innerHTML = "包含8-15位字母数字下划线 " tips.style.color = "red" return false; } tips.innerHTML ="✔" tips.style.color = "green" return false; } function checkPassWord(){ let password = document.getElementById("password").value; let tips = document.getElementById("passwordInput"); if(password == ""){ tips.innerHTML = "用户名为空" tips.style.color = "red" return false; } reg = /[\d \w _]{8,15}/ if(!reg.test(password)){ tips.innerHTML = "包含8-15位字母数字下划线 " tips.style.color = "red" return false; } tips.innerHTML ="✔" tips.style.color = "green" return false; } function checkRepeatPassWord(){} function checkCell(){ let cell = document.getElementById("cell").value; let tips = document.getElementById("tips"); if(cell == ""){ tips.innerHTML = "用户名为空" tips.style.color = "red" return false; } let reg = /^1[3578][0-9]{97}/ if(!reg.test(cell)){ tips.innerHTML = "" tips.style.color = "red" return false; } } function checkMail(){} function checkIdCar(){}
实现一个简单计算器
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title></title> <style> h1{ text-align:center; } div{ width :40%; height: 40%; margin: 0 auto; border:10px solid #ffff7f; padding-left: 10px; text-align:center; } input{ width:300px; height:20px; margin:10px; line-height:20px; text-align:center; } input:not(:nth-of-type(1),:nth-of-type(2),:nth-of-type(7)){ width:85px; height:20px; background-color:#e0e0e0; border:1px solid ; } </style> </head> <body> <div > <h1>简单计算器</h1> <hr> <span>输入第一个数:</span> <input type = "text" id = "one"> <br> <span>输入第二个数:</span> <input type = "text" id = "two"> <br> <input type = "button" onclick="add()" id = "add" readonly value="+"> <input type = "button" onclick="reduce()" id = "reduce" readonly value="-"> <input type = "button" onclick="multication()" id = "multication" readonly value="*"> <input type = "button" onclick="division()" id = "division" readonly value="/"> <br> <span>计算结果 : </span> <input type = "text" id = "result" readonly> </div> <script> // document.write(" 计算器 ") // document.write(" <hr> ") // document.write("<br/> ") function add(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alert("值非法") return; } let a = parseFloat(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseFloat(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value = +a +b } function reduce(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alter("值非法") return; } let a = parseInt(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseInt(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value = +a -b } function multication(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alter("值非法") return; } let a = parseInt(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseInt(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value =(+a *b) } function division(){ m = document.getElementById("one").value n = document.getElementById("two").value if(m == "" || n == ""){ alert("值为空") return; } if(isNaN(m)||isNaN(n)){ alter("值非法") return; } let a = parseInt(document.getElementById("one").value) let b = parseInt(document.getElementById("two").value) document.getElementById("result").value = (+a /b) } </script> </body> </html>
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