Elasticsearch 零停机重建索引实践

有时候创建好的索引库需要增加，删除或者更改一些字段，又或者想修改分词器等参数，这个时候就需要保证索引变更过程中搜索服务的正常运行。
Elasticsearch 官方就此也给出了零停机重建索引方案。能够这样做的前提是你在代码中使用别名访问索引，因为零停机重建索引本质上就是复制一份索引再把别名指向新索引，这样用户就没法感知索引有没有被切换，就是所谓的零停机。

具体步骤如下：

假设你的索引库名称叫 index , 其结构如下，别名为 docs

{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "docNumber": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "releaseDate": {
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd"
      },
      "docName": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "docContent": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      }
    }
  },
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  }
}

需要把它改成如下结构

{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "docNumber": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "releaseDate": {
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd"
      },
      "docName": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      },
      "docContent": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      }
    }
  },
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  }
}

• 首先，新建一个索引，名字需要和旧索引做区分

建索引命令如下，命令在Kibana->Management->Dev Tools 执行：

PUT /index_1
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "docNumber": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "releaseDate": {
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd"
      },
      "docName": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      },
      "docContent": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      }
    }
  },
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  }
}

• 把旧索引库的数据写入到新索引库中，执行以下命令即可

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "index"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "index_1"
  }
}

• 把旧索引库的别名移到新索引库中,

POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "remove": {
        "index": "index",
        "alias": "docs"
      }
    },
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "index_1",
        "alias": "docs"
      }
    }
  ]
}

• 最后把旧索引库删除，在Kibana->Management->Index Management 选择并删除即可