文章目录
Mybatis
官方文档
Spring、SpringMVC、SpringBoot
(1)持久层框架,它支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。
(2)避免了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集。
(3)可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生信息,将接口和 Java 的 POJOs(Plain Ordinary Java Object,普通的 Java对象)映射成数据库中的记录。
1、持久层
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。
MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。
MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。
Dao层、Service层、Controller层
完成持久化工作的代码款、层界限十分明显
2、搭建环境
(1)搭建数据库
CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`;
USE `mybatis`;
CREATE TABLE `user`(
`id` INT(20) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`pwd` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8;
INSERT INTO `user`(`id`,`name`,`pwd`)
VALUES(1,'xiaoming','121212'),(2,'xiaoli','131313'),(3,'xiaohuang','151515')
(2)新建项目(project)
-
新建一个普通的maven项目
-
删除src目录
-
导入maven依赖
<!--pom.xml-->
<!--导入依赖-->
<dependencies>
<!--mysql驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--在build中配置resources。来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.yml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.yml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</dependencies>
导入依赖后在右边的Maven中会出现所导入的依赖:
2.1、创建模块(module)
- 编写mybatis的核心配置文件
<!--mybatis核心配置文件:mybatis-config.xml-->
<!--重点为mapper,注意全路径与斜杠/,第一行的UTF8没有杠“-”-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="zzh.2017"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--每一个Mapper.xml都需要在Mybatis核心配置文件中注册-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/kuang/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
String resource = "org/mybatis/example/mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法,可以通过 SqlSession 实例来直接执行已映射的 SQL 语句。
- 编写mybatis工具类
//MybatisUtils
package com.kuang.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
//sqlSessionFactory获取sqlsession
public class MybatisUtils {
public static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
//使用mybati第一步:获取sqlSessionFactory对象,必做的三步
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//有了 SqlSessionFactory,可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例。
// SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法,可以通过 SqlSession 实例来直接执行已映射的 SQL 语句
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
return sqlSession;
}
}
2.2、编写代码
- 实体类
(包含相应数据库的列表名、空参、全参、setter、getter、toString)
package com.kuang.pojo;
//实体类
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- Dao接口
package com.kuang.dao;
import com.kuang.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserMapper {
//查询全部用户
List<User> getUserList();
//根据ID返回用户
User getUserById(int id);
//insert一个用户
int addUser(User user);
//修改用户
int updateUser(User user);
//删除用户
int deleteUser(int id);
}
- 接口实现类(由原来的UserDaolmpl转变为一个Mapper配置文件)
namespace:绑定一个对应的Dao/Mapper接口,必须为包名+点,不能是斜杠“/”
id:对应的namespace中的方法名
resultType:sql语句执行的返回值,为实体类的全路径
parameterType:返回值的类型
namespace中的包名要和Mapper接口的包名一致。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.UserMapper">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User" parameterType="int">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</select>
<!-- 对象中的属性可以直接取出来-->
<insert id="addUser" >
insert into mybatis.user(id,`name`,pwd)
values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
</insert>
<update id="updateUser" >
update mybatis.user set `name` = #{name},pwd = #{pwd} where id = #{id};
</update>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</delete>
</mapper>
2.3、测试
注意点:
org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Type interface com.kuang.dao.UserMapper is not known to the MapperRegistry.
- MapperRegistry是什么?
答:核心配置文件中注册mappers,,需要添加到mybits的核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml中。
<mappers>
<!--路径必须斜杠“/”结尾-->
<mapper resource="com/kuang/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
- 需要注意的是在maven导入依赖时的父工程中导入。
<!--在build中配置resources。来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
- junit测试
package com.kuang.dao;
import com.kuang.pojo.User;
import com.kuang.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperTest {
@Test
public void test(){
//获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//方式一:执行SQL
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭SqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void getUserById(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void addUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.addUser(new User(4,"xiaozhang","1616161"));
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void updateUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.updateUser(new User(3,"xiaoxiao","99999999"));
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void deleteUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.deleteUser(4);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
}
最后的Project项目列表:
顺序:(maven—>工具类—>核心配置文件—>实体类—>接口—>接口配置文件—>测试)
输出结果(查询结果):
3、CRUD
(1)编写接口里的方法名,com.kuang.dao.UserMapper
(2)编写对应的mapper中的sql语句,UserMapper.xml
(3)编写测试文件
其中增、删、改需要提交事务:sqlSession.commit();
<!--实现接口的配置文件中的增删改查部分-->
<select id="getUserById" resultType="com.kuang.pojo.User" parameterType="int">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</select>
<!--对象中的属性可以直接取出来-->
<insert id="addUser" >
insert into mybatis.user(id,`name`,pwd)values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
</insert>
<update id="updateUser" >
update mybatis.user set `name` = #{name},pwd = #{pwd} where id = #{id};
</update>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</delete>
3.1、自动提交事务
①在Mybatis的工具类MybatisUtils中将getSqlSession里的方法的sqlSessionFactory.openSession();中加入参数true:(推荐)
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
return sqlSession;
②在测试类的sqlSession.close()上面手动添加sqlSession.commit();
//增删改需要提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
4、万能Map
-
当实体类或者数据库的表、字段或者参数过多时,应该考虑使用Map
-
Map传递参数,直接在sql中取出key即可
parameterType = “map”
- 对象传递参数,直接在sql中取出对象即可
parameterType = “Object”
-
只有一个基本类型参数的情况下,可以直接在sql中取到
-
多个参数用Map,或者注解
在接口中:
//insert一个用户
int addUser2(Map map);
在实现接口的配置中:
<insert id="addUser2" parameterType="map">
insert into mybatis.user(id,pwd) values (#{userid},#{password});
</insert>
在测试类中:
//使用Map
@Test
public void addUser2(){
//获得SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("userid",5);
map.put("password","8888888");
mapper.addUser2(map);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
5、模糊查询
- java代码执行的时候,传递通配符%
//在配置文件中的sql
select * from mybatis.user where name like #{value}
//在测试类中的写法
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserLike("%李%");
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
或者:
- 在sql拼接中使用通配符(存在sql注入)
<!--在实现接口的配置中的sql语句-->
select * from mybatis.user where name like "%"#{value}"%"
6、配置解析
properties(属性)
settings(设置)
typeAliases(类型别名)
typeHandlers(类型处理器)
objectFactory(对象工厂)
plugins(插件)
environments(环境配置)
environment(环境变量)
transactionManager(事务管理器)
dataSource(数据源)
databaseIdProvider(数据库厂商标识)
mappers(映射器)
6.1、属性(properties)
可以通过properties属性来实现引用配置文件
这些属性可以在外部进行配置,并可以进行动态替换,既可以在典型的 Java 属性文件中配置这些属性,也可以在 properties 元素的子元素中设置。
- 编写一个配置文件db.properties
driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
username=root
password=zzh.2017
- 在核心配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)中引入
<!--引入外部配置文件-->
<properties resource="db.properties"/>
<!--环境配置,注意与第一部分区分,value部分只用传db.properties里的名字即可,不用写内容-->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
- 也可以在其中增加一些属性(假设db.properties中没有username和password)
(如果两个文件中有同一个字段,优先使用外部配置文件的)
<!--引入外部配置文件-->
<properties resource="db.properties">
<property name = "username" value = "root"/>
<property name = "pwd" value = "11111"/>
</properties>
6.2、设置(settings)
6.3、类型别名(typeAliases)
在核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml中:
- 类型别名可为 Java 类型设置一个缩写名字。 它仅用于 XML 配置,意在降低冗余的全限定类名书写
<!--给实体类起别名-->
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.kuang.pojo.User" alias="User"/>
</typeAliases>
<!--在实现接口的配置文件中的sql中,resultType由"com.kuang.pojo.User"简写成"User"-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
- 也可以指定一个包名,MyBatis 会在包名下面搜索需要的 Java Bean
扫描实体类的包,默认别名就是这个类的类名,首字母小写
<!--给实体类起别名-->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.kuang.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<!--在实现接口的配置文件中的sql中,resultType由"com.kuang.pojo.User"简写成"User"-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="user">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
实体类较少的时候使用第一种,否则使用第二种
6.4、环境配置(environment)
尽管可以配置多个环境,但每个 SqlSessionFactory 实例只能选择一种环境
在核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml中:
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC">
<property name="..." value="..."/>
</transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
-
学会配置多套运行环境
-
Mybatis默认的事务管理器是JDBC,连接池:POOLED
6.5、映射器(mappers)
MapperRegistry:注册绑定我们的Mapper文件
在核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml中:
- 方式一,通过xml配置文件
<!--每一个Mapper.xml都需要在Mybatis核心配置文件中注册-->
<!--路径必须斜杠“/”结尾-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/kuang/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
- 方式二,通过class文件绑定注册
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.UserMapper"/>
</mappers>
- 方式三,使用扫描包进行注册
<mappers>
<package name ="com.kuang.dao"/>
</mappers>
方式二、三需要注意的点:
(1)接口和他的Mapper配置文件必须同名
(2)接口和他的Mapper配置文件必须在同一个包下
7、生命周期和作用域
-
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder:一旦创建了SqlSessionFactory,就不需要它了,局部变量
-
SqlSessionFactory:可以理解为数据库连接池,一旦被创建就应该在应用的运行期间一直存在,最佳作用域为应用作用域,单例模式
-
SqlSession:连接到连接池的一个请求,需要关闭。最佳作用域是请求或方法作用域
8、结果集映射(resultMap)
先前的实体类中字段分别为id、name、pwd
若将其改为id、name、password
测试依据id查询的测试文件结果:
原因:在sql语句中为
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
<!--等价为-->
select id,name,pwd from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
解决方法:
①修改sql语句(不建议)
select id,name,pwd as password from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
②结果集映射
id name pwd
id name password
在实现接口的配置文件中:UserMapper.xml
<!--结果集映射-->
<resultMap id="UserMap" type="User">
<!--column为数据库中的字段,property为实体类中的属性-->
<!--当column与property相等时,此行可忽略-->
<result column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<result column="pwd" property="password"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getUserById" resultMap="UserMap" >
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
</select>
9、日志
9.1、日志工厂
SLF4J
LOG4J (掌握)
LOG4J2
JDK_LOGGING
COMMONS_LOGGING
STDOUT_LOGGING (掌握)
NO_LOGGING
- 在Mybatis中具体使用哪一个日志实现,在setting中设定
STDOUT_LOGGING 标准日志输出
在mybatis核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml中,配置日志:
(注意logImpl的拼写以及value的值后面不能有空格!!!)
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
输出结果:
9.2、LOG4J
通过一个配置文件来灵活进行配置,不需要修改应用的代码
①导入log4j的包
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
②配置log4j的配置文件log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
#控制台输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
#文件输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.file = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=./log/kuang.log
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
log4j.appender.file.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
#日志输出级别
log4j.logger.org.mybatis=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG
③配置log4j为日志的实现
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
</settings>
④运行结果
简单使用:
①在要使用Log4j的类中,导入包(及其容易导错,注意时apache的包才正确)
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
②日志对象,参数为当前的class
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserMapper.class);
③日志级别
@Test
public void testLog4j(){
logger.info("info:进入了testLog4j");
logger.debug("debug:进入了testLog4j");
logger.error("error:进入了testLog4j");
}
运行成功后项目中会多出一个log文件夹
10、分页
10.1、通过limit实现
- 分页的sql使用语法:
SELECT * FROM User limit startIndex,pageSize
- 接口
//分页
List<User> getUserByLimit(Map<String,Integer> map);
- 实现接口的配置文件
(注意是resultMap并不是resultType):
<!--分页-->
<select id="getUserByLimit" parameterType="map" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from mybatis.user limit #{startIndex},#{pageSize}
</select>
- 测试类
@Test
public void getUserByLimit(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//创建一个map对象
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
//向map里面添加key,value
map.put("startIndex",0);
map.put("pageSize",2);
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserByLimit(map);
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
⚪在log4j日志下的输出:
10.2、通过RowBounds实现(不常用)
- 接口
//分页2
List<User> getUserByRowBounds();
- 实现接口的配置文件
<!--分页2-->
<select id="getUserByRowBounds" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
- 测试类
@Test
public void getUserByRowBounds(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//RowBounds实现
RowBounds rowBounds = new RowBounds(1, 2);
//通过java代码层面实现分页
List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("com.kuang.dao.UserMapper.getUserByRowBounds", null, rowBounds);
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
11、注解
11.1、注解遍历
①注解在接口(UserMapper)上实现
@Select("select * from user")
List<User> getUsers();
②需要在核心配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)中绑定接口
<!--日志设定:默认-->
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
<!--绑定接口-->
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.UserMapper"/>
</mappers>
③测试(遍历)
@Test
public void test01(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> users = mapper.getUsers();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
输出结果:(null)
-
本质:反射机制实现
-
底层:动态代理
11.2、注解的CRUD
可以在工具类创建的时候实现自动提交事务
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
return sqlSession;
}
编写接口,增加注解
//方法存在多个参数时,所有参数前面必须都加上@Param("id")注解
@Select("select * from user where id = #{id}")
User getUserByID(@Param("id") int id);
@Insert("insert into mybatis.user(id,name,pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{password})")
int addUser(User user);
@Update("update user mybatis.set name=#{name},pwd=#{password},where id = #{id}")
int updateUser(User user);
@Delete("delete from mybatis.user where id = #{id}")
int deleteUser(@Param("id") int id);
测试类(必须江接口注册绑定到我们的核心配置文件中)
@Test
public void getUserByID(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User userByID = mapper.getUserByID(1);
System.out.println(userByID);
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void addUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.addUser(new User(9,"xiaolong","777777"));
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void updateUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.updateUser(new User(9,"tototo","666666"));
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void deleteUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.deleteUser(1);
sqlSession.close();
}
11.3、关于@Param()注解
-
基本类型的参数或者String类型,需要加上
-
引用类型不需要加
-
如果只有一个基本类型,可以忽略,但是建议加上
-
在SQL中引用的是@Param()中设定的属性名
12、Lombok插件
使用步骤:
-
在IDEA中插入插件lombok
-
在项目中导入lomkom的jar包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.10</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
-
在实体类加注解即可
-
常用的lombok注解
@Data:无参构造,get,set,toString,hashCode,equals
@AllArgsConstructor:全参
@NoArgsConstructor:无参
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
13、多对一处理
- 一个老师对应多个学生SQL
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
13.1、搭建测试环境
1.导入lombok
2.新建实体类Student,Teacher
//Student
package com.kuang.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
//学生需要关联一个老师
private Teacher teacher;
}
//Teacher
package com.kuang.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
}
3.建立Mapper接口
//StudentMapper
package com.kuang.dao;
public interface StudentMapper {
}
//TeacherMapper
package com.kuang.dao;
import com.kuang.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
public interface TeacherMapper {
@Select("select * from teacher where id = #{tid}")
Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id);
}
4.建立Mapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.StudentMapper">
</mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.TeacherMapper">
</mapper>
5.在核心配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)中绑定注册我们的Mapper接口或者文件
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>
6.测试查询
import com.kuang.dao.TeacherMapper;
import com.kuang.pojo.Teacher;
import com.kuang.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher);
sqlSession.close();
}
}
附:文件目录
13.2、按照查询嵌套处理(子查询)
在StudentMapper.xml中配置:
<!--
方法一:
1.查询所有学生的信息
2.根据查询出来的学生的tid,寻找对应的老师
-->
<select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select * from student
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<!--property为实体类的属性,column为数据库里的字段-->
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<!--对象:association 集合:collection-->
<association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Student" select="getTeacher"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
测试:
@Test
public void testStudent(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> StudentList = mapper.getStudent();
for (Student student : StudentList) {
System.out.println(student);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
13.3、按照结果嵌套处理(连表查询)(推荐)
<select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
<!--property为实体类的属性,column为数据库里的字段-->
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<!--对象:association 集合:collection-->
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
14、一对多处理
14.1、搭建测试环境
1.导入lombok
2.新建实体类Student,Teacher
//Student
package com.kuang.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int tid;
}
//Teacher
package com.kuang.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//一个老师拥有多个学生
private List<Student> students;
}
3.建立Mapper接口
//StudentMapper
package com.kuang.dao;
import com.kuang.pojo.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentMapper {
}
//TeacherMapper
package com.kuang.dao;
import com.kuang.pojo.Teacher;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import java.util.List;
public interface TeacherMapper {
//获取老师
List<Teacher> getTeacher();
}
4.建立Mapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.StudentMapper">
</mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.TeacherMapper">
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
select * from mybatis.teacher;
</select>
</mapper>
5.在核心配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)中绑定注册我们的Mapper接口或者文件
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>
6.测试查询
@Test
public void test() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
for(Teacher teacher : sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class).getTeacher())
{
System.out.println(teacher);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
14.2、按照查询嵌套处理(子查询)
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select * from mybatis.teacher where id = #{tid}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStudentByTeacherId" column="id"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
select * from mybatis.student where tid = #{tid}
</select>
测试:
@org.junit.Test
public void test() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher);
sqlSession.close();
}
14.3、按照结果嵌套查询(连表查询)(推荐)
<!--按结果嵌套查询-->
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname,t.id tid
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id and t.id = #{tid}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="tid"/>
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<!--javaType 指定属性的类型
集合中的泛型信息,使用ofType
-->
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<result property="tid" column="tid"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
14.4、小结
1.关联:association【多对一】
2.集合:collection【一对多】
3.javaType & ofType
-
javaType用来指定实体类中的属性类型
-
ofType用来指定映射到List或者集合中的pojo类型,泛型中的约束类型
注意点:
-
保证SQL的可读性,故推荐连表查询
-
注意一对多和多对一中的属性名和字段的问题
-
如果问题不好排查错误,可以使用日志,建议使用Log4j
15、多态SQL
根据不同的条件生成不同的SQL语句,本质还是SQL,只是可以在SQL层面,去执行一个逻辑代码
15.1、搭建环境
CREATE TABLE `blog`(
`id` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客id',
`title` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
`author` VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客作者',
`create_time` DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`views` INT(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '浏览量'
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1.导包
2.编写配置文件db.properties,mybatis-config.xml
-
db.properties同上
-
mybatis-config.xml (修改mapper,开启驼峰命名规则映射)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--引入外部配置文件-->
<properties resource="db.properties"/>
<settings>
<!--引入日志-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
<!--开启驼峰命名规则映射-->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
<!--给实体类起别名-->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.kuang.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.BlogMapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
3.编写实体类pojo
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Blog {
private String id;
private String title;
private String author;
private Date createTime; // 属性名和字段名不一致
private int views;
}
4.编写BlogMapper接口
package com.kuang.dao;
import com.kuang.pojo.Blog;
public interface BlogMapper {
//插入数据
int addBlog(Blog blog);
}
5.实现接口的配置文件(注意namespace,id要和接口的方法名一致)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.BlogMapper">
<insert id="addBlog" parameterType="blog">
insert into mybatis.blog(id,title,author,create_time,views)
values (#{id},#{title},#{author},#{createTime},#{views});
</insert>
</mapper>
6.工具类(由于涉及增删改,打开自动提交事务)
package com.kuang.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
//sqlSessionFactory获取sqlsession
public class MybatisUtils {
public static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
//使用mybati第一步:获取sqlSessionFactory对象,必做的三步
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//有了 SqlSessionFactory,可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例。
// SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法,可以通过 SqlSession 实例来直接执行已映射的 SQL 语句
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
return sqlSession;
}
}
import java.util.UUID;
//获得随机ID
public class IDUtils {
public static String getId(){
return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace(".","-");
}
}
7.测试
@org.junit.Test
public void addBlogTest(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
Blog blog = new Blog();
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Mybatis");
blog.setAuthor("狂神说");
blog.setCreateTime(new Date());
blog.setViews(9999);
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Java");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Spring");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IDUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("微商");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
sqlSession.close();
}
}
15.2、if
1.接口方法
//查询博客
List<Blog> queryBlogIF(Map map);
2.配置sql
- (如果什么都没有输入则查询全部,输入title就查询title,输入author就查询author)
<select id="queryBlogIF" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</where>
</select>
3.测试
@Test
public void test02(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
//map.put("title","Mybatis");
//map.put("author","狂神说");
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogIF(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
15.3、choose(when,otherwise)
1.接口方法
List<Blog> queryBlogChoose(Map map);
2.配置文件
<select id="queryBlogChoose" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<choose>
<when test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</when>
<when test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</when>
<otherwise>
and views = #{views}
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
3.测试
@Test
public void test03(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
//map.put("title","Mybatis");
//map.put("author","狂神说");
map.put("views",1000);
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogChoose(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
15.4、trim(where,set)
1.接口方法
//更新博客
int updateBlog(Map map);
2.配置文件
<update id="updateBlog" parameterType="map">
update mybatis.blog
<set>
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title},
</if>
<if test="author != null">
author = #{author}
</if>
</set>
where id = #{id}
</update>
3.测试
@Test
public void test04(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
map.put("title","Mybatis009");
//map.put("author","狂神说");
map.put("id","cd517770-2ada-4960-bb28-00ffbf375f0e");
mapper.updateBlog(map);
sqlSession.close();
}
15.5、foreach(遍历)
1.接口
//查询第1-2-3号记录的博客
List<Blog> queryBlogForeach(Map map);
2.配置文件
<!--select * from mybatis.blog where 1=1 and (id=1 or id=2 or id=3)-->
<select id="queryBlogForeach" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<!--以“and (”开头,以“)”结尾,以“or”为分隔符,注意and后面有空格-->
<!--collection为集合,item为集合里的项-->
<foreach collection="ids" item="id" open="and (" close=")" separator="or">
id = #{id}
</foreach>
</where>
</select>
3.测试
@Test
public void test05(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
ArrayList<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<Integer>();
ids.add(1);
map.put("ids",ids);
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogForeach(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
15.6、SQL片段
可以将一些功能的部分抽取出来,方便复用
将15.2的if判断语句抽取出来
<!--使用SQL标签抽取公共的部分-->
<sql id="if-title-author">
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</sql>
<!--在需要使用的方法使用include标签引用即可-->
<select id="queryBlogIF" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from mybatis.blog
<where>
<include refid="if-title-author"></include>
</where>
</select>
注意事项:
-
最好基于单表来定义SQL片段
-
不要存在where标签
15.7、小结
多态SQL就是在拼接SQL语句,我们只要保证SQL的正确性,按照SQL的格式去排列组合就可以了
建议:
⚪先在Mysql中写出完整的SQL,再对应的去修改成为我们的多态SQL实现通用即可。
16、缓存
16.1、一级缓存(sqlSession级别)
- 一级缓存默认开启,只在一次sqlSession中有效,也就是拿到连接到关闭连接这个时间段,就相当于一个Map
缓存失效的情况:
1.查询不同的东西
2.增删改操作,可能会该表原来的数据,所以必定会刷新缓存
3.查询不同的Mapper.xml
4.手动清理缓存:sqlSession.clearCach()
16.2、二级缓存(cache)
步骤
1.开启全局缓存(在mybatis-config.xml中)
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
2.在当前Mapper.xml中使用二级缓存
<cache/>
小结:
-
只要开启了二级缓存,在同一个Mapper下就有效
-
所有的数据都会先放在一级缓存中
-
只有当会话提交或者关闭的时候,才会提交到二级缓存中
16.3、自定义缓存(ehcache)
- Ehcache是一种广泛使用的开源Java分布式缓存,主要面向通用缓存
1.导包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis.caches/mybatis-ehcache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.caches</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>
2.添加配置文件ehcache.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd"
updateCheck="false">
<diskStore path="./tmpdir/Tmp_EhCache"/>
<defaultCache
eternal="false"
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
overflowToDisk="false"
diskPersistent="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="1800"
timeToLiveSeconds="259200"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>
<cache
name="cloud_user"
eternal="false"
maxElementsInMemory="5000"
overflowToDisk="false"
diskPersistent="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="1800"
timeToLiveSeconds="1800"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>
</ehcache>
3.在Mapper.xml中引入ehcache
<!--自定义缓存-->
<cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache"/>
以后会使用Redis数据库来做缓存
注:本笔记来自自学B站UP主遇见狂神说整理得来,十分良心,安利安利!