索引

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-17 22:04:08 发布

吃不胖的孤独

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-17 22:04:08 发布

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分类专栏：数据库文章标签： mysql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45954968/article/details/111377496

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索引

创建普通索引普通索引是最基础的索引类型，没有唯一性的限制。作用是只加快对数据的访问速度。

mysql>CREATE TABLE book 
(bookid INT NOT NULL,
bookname VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
authors VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, 
info VARCHAR(255) NULL,
comment VARCHAR(255) NULL,
year_publication YEAR NOT NULL,
INDEX(year_publication) 
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

查看创建的索引

mysql> show create table book\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: book
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `book` (
 `bookid` int(11) NOT NULL,
 `bookname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 `authors` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 `info` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
 `comment` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
 `year_publication` year(4) NOT NULL,
 KEY `year_publication` (`year_publication`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.05 sec)

用explain 判断索引是否正在被使用



mysql> explain select * from book where year_publication=1999\G\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           id: 1
  select_type: SIMPLE
        table: book
   partitions: NULL
         type: ref
possible_keys: year_publication
          key: year_publication
      key_len: 1
          ref: const
         rows: 1
     filtered: 100.00
        Extra: Using index condition
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

TYPE的取值范围 System const ref eq_ref index all range

【唯一索引】创建唯一索引唯一索引主要原因是减少查询索引列操作的执行时间。尤其是对比比较庞大的数据

表。与普通索引类似，不同点在于：索引列的值必须唯一，但允许有空值。如果是组合索引，则列值的组合必

须唯一。

mysql> CREATE TABLE T1
    -> (
    -> ID INT NOT NULL,
    -> NAME CHAR(30) NOT NULL,
    -> UNIQUE INDEX UNIQIDX(ID)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

查看

mysql>  SHOW CREATE table T1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: T1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `T1` (
  `ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `NAME` char(30) NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `UNIQIDX` (`ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

【单列索引】单列索引：是在数据表中的某一字段上创建的索引，一个表中可以创建多个单列索引。

mysql> create table t2
    -> (
    -> id int not null,
    -> name CHAR(50) NULL,
    -> index singleidx(name)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

查看

mysql>  SHOW CREATE table t2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t2` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` char(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `singleidx` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

【组合索引】组合索引：是在多个字段上创建一个索引。遵循最左前缀原则。最左前缀索引最左边的列来匹配

行创建

mysql> create table t3 
( 
id int not null,
name CHAR(30) NOT NULL, 
age int not null, 
info VARCHAR(255), 
index syt3(id,name,age) 
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

查看

mysql>  SHOW CREATE table t3\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t3
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t3` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` char(30) NOT NULL,
  `age` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `info` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  KEY `syt3` (`id`,`name`,`age`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

组合索引可以起几个索引的作用，但是使用时并不是随意查询哪个字段都是可以使用索引。而是遵循最左前

缀：利用索引中最左边的列集来匹配行。这样的列集称为最左前缀。

【全文索引】全文索引：FULLTEXT，可以用于全文搜索，只有MyISAM存储引擎支持，并且只为

CHAR\VARCHAR和TEXT 列。索引总是对整个列进行，不支持局部索引，适合大型数据的表创建

mysql> CREATE TABLE t4 
( id INT NOT NULL, 
name CHAR(30) NOT NULL, 
age INT NOT NULL, 
info VARCHAR(255),  
FULLTEXT INDEX FullIdx(info(100)) 
)ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

查看

mysql> SHOW CREATE table t4\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: t4
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t4` (
 `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
 `name` char(30) NOT NULL,
 `age` int(11) NOT NULL,
 `info` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
 FULLTEXT KEY `FullIdx` (`info`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

【空间索引】空间索引：必须在MyISAM类型的表中创建，且空间类型的字段必须为非空。创建

mysql> CREATE TABLE t5
 -> (
 -> g GEOMETRY NOT NULL,
 -> SPATIAL INDEX spaIdx(g) 
 -> )ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看

mysql>  SHOW CREATE table t5\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t5
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t5` (
  `g` geometry NOT NULL,
  SPATIAL KEY `spaidx` (`g`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

在已经存在的表上创建索引

Alter table 表名 add [unique唯一索引|fulltext全文索引|spatial空间索引] [index|key] [默认索引名] (定义

索引名[length]) [asc|desc]

mysql> ALTER TABLE book ADD INDEX BKNameIdx(bookname(30)); 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看

mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM book\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: year_publication
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: year_publication
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: NULL
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKNameIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: bookname
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 30
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

添加唯一性索引

mysql>  ALTER TABLE book ADD UNIQUE INDEX UniqIdx(bookid);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看


mysql>  SHOW INDEX from book\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 0
     Key_name: UniqIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: bookid
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: NULL
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: year_publication
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: year_publication
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: NULL
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKNameIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: bookname
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 30
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

添加单列索引

mysql> ALTER TABLE book ADD INDEX BKIdex(comment(50));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

查看

mysql>  SHOW INDEX FROM book\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 0
     Key_name: UniqIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: bookid
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: NULL
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: year_publication
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: year_publication
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: NULL
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKNameIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: bookname
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 30
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 4. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKIdex
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: comment
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 50
       Packed: NULL
         Null: YES
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

添加全文索引

mysql> CREATE TABLE t6
 -> (
 -> id INT NOT NULL,
 -> info CHAR(255)
 -> )ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLE t6 ADD FULLTEXT INDEX InfoFULIdx(info);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

查看

mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM t6\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: t6
 Non_unique: 1
 Key_name: InfoFULIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
 Column_name: info
 Collation: NULL
 Cardinality: NULL
 Sub_part: NULL
 Packed: NULL
 Null: YES
 Index_type: FULLTEXT
 Comment: 
Index_comment: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

添加组合索引

mysql>  ALTER TABLE book ADD INDEX BKAUthAndInfoIdx(authors(20),info(50));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看

mysql>  SHOW INDEX FROM book\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 0
     Key_name: UniqIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: bookid
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: NULL
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: year_publication
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: year_publication
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: NULL
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKNameIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: bookname
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 30
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 4. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKIdex
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: comment
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 50
       Packed: NULL
         Null: YES
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 5. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKAUthAndInfoIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
  Column_name: authors
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 20
       Packed: NULL
         Null: 
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
*************************** 6. row ***************************
        Table: book
   Non_unique: 1
     Key_name: BKAUthAndInfoIdx
 Seq_in_index: 2
  Column_name: info
    Collation: A
  Cardinality: 0
     Sub_part: 50
       Packed: NULL
         Null: YES
   Index_type: BTREE
      Comment: 
Index_comment: 
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

添加空间索引

mysql> CREATE TABLE t7
 -> (
 -> g GEOMETRY NOT NULL
 -> )ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLE t7 ADD SPATIAL INDEX SpatIdx(g);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

查看

mysql> SHOW INDEX from t7\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: t7
 Non_unique: 1
 Key_name: SpatIdx
 Seq_in_index: 1
 Column_name: g
 Collation: A
 Cardinality: NULL
 Sub_part: 32
 Packed: NULL
 Null: 
 Index_type: SPATIAL
 Comment: 
Index_comment: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

【创建索引】

Create index 已存在的表上创建索引 Create [unique唯一性索引|fulltext全文索引|spatial空间索引] index

索引名

On 表名（col_name[lenth]…）[asc|desc]

用create table创建的索引可以不添加索引名（不添加索引名默认为字段名）但是用create index 添加索引名必

须加索引名

创建一个book1的表

 CREATE TABLE book1 ( bookid INT NOT NULL, bookname VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
authors VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, info VARCHAR(255) NULL, comment VARCHAR(255) NULL,
year_publication YEAR NOT NULL );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

普通索引

mysql> CREATE INDEX BKNameIdex ON book1(bookname);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

单列索引

mysql> CREATE INDEX BKcmtIdex ON book1 (comment(50));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

组合索引

mysql> CREATE INDEX BKAuthAndInfoIdex ON book1(authors(30),info(50));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

全文索引

mysql> drop table t6 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE t6 ( id INT NOT NULL, info CHAR(255) )ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX FullIdex ON t6(info);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

唯一性索引

mysql> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX UniqIdx ON book1(bookId);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

空间索引

mysql> drop table t7;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE t7 ( g GEOMETRY NOT NULL )ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE SPATIAL INDEX SpaIdx ON t7(g);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

【删除索引】

Alter table 表名 drop index 索引名；

查看book中有多少索引，准备开始删除

mysql> SHOW CREATE table book1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: book1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `book1` (
 `bookid` int(11) NOT NULL,
 `bookname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 `authors` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 `info` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
 `comment` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
 `year_publication` year(4) NOT NULL,
 UNIQUE KEY `UniqIdx` (`bookid`),
 KEY `BKNameIdex` (`bookname`),
 KEY `BKcmtIdex` (`comment`(50)),
 KEY `BKAuthAndInfoIdex` (`authors`(30),`info`(50))
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

用ALTER TABLE 删除

mysql> ALTER TABLE book DROP INDEX UniqIdx;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> ALTER TABLE book1 DROP INDEX BKNameIdex;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

添加AUTO_INCREMENT 的约束字段的唯一索引不能删除

用DROP INDEX删除

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE t7\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Table: t7
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t7` (
 `g` geometry NOT NULL,
 SPATIAL KEY `SpaIdx` (`g`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> DROP INDEX SpaIdx ON t7;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

删除表中的列时，如果要删除的列为索引的组成部分，则该列也会从索引中删除。如果组成索引的所有列都被

删除，那么整个索引将被删除。

吃不胖的孤独

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索引

索引创建普通索引普通索引是最基础的索引类型，没有唯一性的限制。作用是只加快对数据的访问速度。mysql>CREATE TABLE book (bookid INT NOT NULL,bookname VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,authors VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, info VARCHAR(255) NULL,comment VARCHAR(255) NULL,year_publication YEAR NOT NULL,INDEX(year
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