Python-多文件结构

def fun_car(name,number,**anything):
    anything['name']=name
    anything['number']=number
    return anything

car=fun_car('sinaru','outback',color='blue',tow_package=True)

for key,value in car.items():
    print(f"there is {key.title()} of {value}")

#将函数储存在模块中
#和C++头文件是一回事

import pizza
pizza=pizza.make_pizza('a','b',c='c',d='d',e='e')
for key,value in pizza.items():
    print(f"ok,what's the {key} in your {value}.".title())

#or pythpn还支持仅仅导入某一个函数
from pizza import make_pizza
pizza=make_pizza('a','b',c='c',d='d',e='e')#不用再调用句点运算符了

print(pizza)


#使用as起别名的功能
from pizza import make_pizza as mp
pizza=mp('a','b',c='c',d='d',e='e')
#成功输出
print(pizza)
#标准
#from module_name import function_name as fn

#as也可用来为库定义别名
#for example
import pizza as p
print(p.make_pizza('a','b',c='c',d='d',e='e'))

#使用星号导入库中的所有函数
from pizza import *
p=make_pizza('a','b',c='c',d='d',e='e')
print(p)
#这样也可以省一个句点运算符
#但是尽量避免函数名重复
#python在这种情况会覆盖部分函数
#所有少用这种语法

#import最好放在文件开头
#为了代码可读性

#面向对象编程
import class_dog as cd
dog=cd.Dog('Jack',11)
dog.roll()
dog.sit()
print(f"my dog's name is {dog.name}.and it has been {dog.age} years old.")
#python的类与C++中的类是不一样的
#所有，python没有访问控制运算符？

import Restaurant as Rest

r1=Rest.Restaurant('abab','teda')

print(f"the name is {r1.restaurant_name} and the type is {r1.cuisine_type}.".title())
r1.describe_restaurant()
r1.open_restaurant()

#将import放在文件中是很不好的习惯，这里仅仅作为学习笔记

r2=Rest.Restaurant('az','okok')
r3=Rest.Restaurant('nishuo','guqa')
r2.describe_restaurant()
r3.describe_restaurant()

import user
u1=user.User('Jack','Heiqiu','a','b','c')
u1.describe_user()
u2=user.User('Jack','ahh','a','d',1,True)
u2.describe_user()

#python虽然没有良好的封装性
#但是其用法更加灵活

# @File : class_dog.py 
# @Software: PyCharm

class Dog:#类的定义没有圆括号（C++也没有）python中最好将类的首字母大写
    '''
    一次模拟小狗的简单尝试
    '''
    def __init__(self,name,age):#self是一个指向实例本身的引用，和C++的this指针起着同样的作用
        '''初始化（C++的构造函数）'''
        self.name=name
        self.age=age

    def sit(self):
        '''模拟小狗收到信号蹲下（与C++产生了逻辑上的不同）'''
        print(f"{self.name} is now sitting.")

    def roll(self):
        '''模拟打滚'''
        print(f"{self.name} is now rolling.")

# @File : pizza.py 
# @Software: PyCharm

def make_pizza(name,number,**sth):
    sth['name']=name
    sth['number']=number
    return sth

# @File : Restaurant.py 
# @Software: PyCharm


class Restaurant:
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name=restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type=cuisine_type

    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(f"here is a restaurant named {self.restaurant_name} and the cuisine is {self.cuisine_type}.".strip())

    def open_restaurant(self):
        print("ok,the restaurant is now opening.".title())

# @File : user.py 
# @Software: PyCharm

class User:
    def __init__(self,first,last,*otherThing):
        self.first_name=first
        self.last_name=last
        self.other_thing=otherThing

    def describe_user(self):
        print(f"there is a user named {self.first_name+' '+self.last_name}.")
        print('and there are other things about him:')
        for item in self.other_thing:
            print(item)

    def greet_user(self):
        print(f"hei,{self.first_name+' '+self.last_name}.")