文章目录
1.准备一张数据库表
drop table if exists dept;
create table dept(
deptno int primary key,
dname varchar(255),
loc varchar(255)
);
insert into dept(deptno, dname, loc) values(10, 'XiaoShouBu', 'BEIJING');
insert into dept(deptno, dname, loc) values(20, 'YanFaBu', 'SHANGHAI');
insert into dept(deptno, dname, loc) values(30, 'JiShuBu', 'GUANGZHOU');
insert into dept(deptno, dname, loc) values(40, 'MeiTiBu', 'SHENZHEN');
commit;
select * from dept;
2.准备一套HTML页面
欢迎页面：index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="list.html">查看部门列表</a>
</body>
</html>
列表页面：list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">部门列表</h1>
<hr>
<table border="1px" align="center" width="50%">
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>部门列表</th>
<th>部门名称</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>销售部</td>
<td>
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="window.confirm('确认删除吗？')">删除</a>
<a href="edit.html">修改</a>
<a href="detail.html">详情</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>研发部</td>
<td>
<a href="">删除</a>
<a href="">修改</a>
<a href="">详情</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>运营部</td>
<td>
<a href="">删除</a>
<a href="">修改</a>
<a href="">详情</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr>
<a href="add.html">新增部门</a>
</body>
</html>
增加页面：add.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>新增部门</h1>
<hr>
<form action="list.html" method="get">
部门编号<input type="text" name="deptno"/><br>
部门名称<input type="text" name="dname"/><br>
部门位置<input type="text" name="loc"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="保存"/><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
修改页面：edit.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>修改部门</h1>
<hr>
<form action="list.html" method="get">
部门编号<input type="text" name="deptno" value="20" readonly/><br>
部门名称<input type="text" name="dname" value="销售部"/><br>
部门位置<input type="text" name="loc" value="北京"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="修改"/><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
详情页面：detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>部门详情</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>部门详情</h1>
<hr>
部门编号：20<br>
部门名称：销售部<br>
部门位置：北京<br>
<input type="button" value="后退" onclick="window.history.back()"/>
</body>
</html>
3.功能分析
4.在IDEA中搭建环境
- 创建一个app,给webapp添加servlet-api和jsp-api
- 在webapp中添加连接数据库的jar包
- JDBC工具类
package com.sdnu.oa.utils;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
/**
* JDBC工具类
*
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/09 17:37
**/
public class DBUtil {
//静态变量，在类加载时执行
//属性资源绑定
private static ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("resources.jdbc");
//根据属性配置，获取value
private static String driver = bundle.getString("driver");
private static String url = bundle.getString("url");
private static String user = bundle.getString("user");
private static String password = bundle.getString("password");
static {
//注册驱动只需要注册一次，放在静态代码块中，DBUtil类加载的时候执行
try {
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取数据库连接对象
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/09 17:51
* @return java.sql.Connection
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
return conn;
}
/**
*
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/09 17:57
* @param conn 连接对象
* @param ps 数据库操作对象
* @param rs 结果集对象
* @return void
*/
public static void close(Connection conn, Statement ps, ResultSet rs){
if(rs != null){
try{
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(ps != null){
try {
ps.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sdnu
user=root
password=root
- 将所有上面的html页面拷贝到web目录下
5.功能：查看部门列表
- 修改前端页面超链接
<!--前端超链接发送请求的时候，请求路径以"/"开始，并且带着项目名-->
<a href="/oa/dept/list">查看部门列表</a>
- 编写web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>list</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sdnu.oa.web.action.DeptListServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>list</servlet-name>
<!--web.xml文件中的这个路径也是以“/”开始的，但是不加项目名 -->
<url-pattern>/dept/list</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- 编写 DeptListServlet类继承HttpServlet类，重写doGet方法
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 跳转部门列表的Servlet
*
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/09 18:26
**/
public class DeptListServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print("<!DOCTYPE html>");
out.print("<html>");
out.print(" <head>");
out.print(" <meta charset='utf-8'>");
out.print(" <title>部门列表页面</title>");
out.print(" </head>");
out.print(" <body>");
out.print(" <h1 align='center'>部门列表</h1>");
out.print(" <hr>");
out.print(" <table border='1px' align='center' width='50%'>");
out.print(" <tr>");
out.print(" <th>序号</th>");
out.print(" <th>部门列表</th>");
out.print(" <th>部门名称</th>");
out.print(" <th>操作</th>");
out.print(" </tr>");
//连接数据库，查询所有部门
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//获取连接
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
//获取预编译的数据库操作对象
String sql = "select deptno as a, dname, loc from dept";
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//执行sql语句
rs = ps.executeQuery();
//处理结果集
int i = 0;
while (rs.next()){
String deptno = rs.getString("a");
String dname = rs.getString("dname");
String loc = rs.getString("loc");
out.print(" <tr>");
out.print(" <td>"+(++i)+"</td>");
out.print(" <td>"+deptno+"</td>");
out.print(" <td>"+dname+"</td>");
out.print(" <td>");
out.print(" <a href='')'>删除</a>");
out.print(" <a href='edit.html'>修改</a>");
out.print(" <a href='detail.html'>详情</a>");
out.print(" </td>");
out.print(" </tr>");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(conn, ps, rs);
}
out.print(" </table>");
out.print(" <hr>");
out.print(" <a href='add.html'>新增部门</a>");
out.print(" </body>");
out.print("</html>");
}
}
6.功能：查看详情
- 修改用户点击详情的地方
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
out.print(" <a href='"+contextPath+"/dept/detail?deptno="+deptno+"'>详情</a>");
- web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>detail</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sdnu.oa.web.action.DeptDetailServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>detail</servlet-name>
<!--web.xml文件中的这个路径也是以“/”开始的，但是不加项目名 -->
<url-pattern>/dept/detail</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- DeptDetailServlet.java
package com.sdnu.oa.web.action;
import com.sdnu.oa.utils.DBUtil;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* 详情
*
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/10 14:02
**/
public class DeptDetailServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print(" <!DOCTYPE html>");
out.print("<html>");
out.print(" <head>");
out.print(" <meta charset='utf-8'>");
out.print(" <title>部门详情</title>");
out.print(" </head>");
out.print(" <body>");
out.print(" <h1>部门详情</h1>");
out.print(" <hr>");
String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
String sql = "select dname, loc from dept where deptno = ?";
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, deptno);
rs = ps.executeQuery();
if(rs.next()){
String dname = rs.getString("dname");
String loc = rs.getString("loc");
out.print(" 部门编号："+deptno+"<br>");
out.print(" 部门名称："+dname+"<br>");
out.print(" 部门位置：北京<br>");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(conn, ps, rs);
}
out.print(" <input type='button' value='后退' οnclick='window.history.back()'/>");
out.print(" </body>");
out.print("</html>");
}
}
7.功能：删除部门
package com.sdnu.oa.web.action;
import com.sdnu.oa.utils.DBUtil;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* 跳转部门列表的Servlet
*
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/09 18:26
**/
public class DeptListServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
out.print("<!DOCTYPE html>");
out.print("<html>");
out.print(" <head>");
out.print(" <meta charset='utf-8'>");
out.print(" <title>部门列表页面</title>");
out.print("<script type='text/javascript'>");
out.print(" function del(dno){");
out.print(" if(window.confirm('亲，删除了不可恢复')){");
out.print(" document.location.href='"+contextPath+"/dept/delete?deptno=' + dno");
out.print(" }");
out.print(" }");
out.print("</script>");
out.print(" </head>");
out.print(" <body>");
out.print(" <h1 align='center'>部门列表</h1>");
out.print(" <hr>");
out.print(" <table border='1px' align='center' width='50%'>");
out.print(" <tr>");
out.print(" <th>序号</th>");
out.print(" <th>部门列表</th>");
out.print(" <th>部门名称</th>");
out.print(" <th>操作</th>");
out.print(" </tr>");
//连接数据库，查询所有部门
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//获取连接
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
//获取预编译的数据库操作对象
String sql = "select deptno as a, dname, loc from dept";
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//执行sql语句
rs = ps.executeQuery();
//处理结果集
int i = 0;
while (rs.next()){
String deptno = rs.getString("a");
String dname = rs.getString("dname");
String loc = rs.getString("loc");
out.print(" <tr>");
out.print(" <td>"+(++i)+"</td>");
out.print(" <td>"+deptno+"</td>");
out.print(" <td>"+dname+"</td>");
out.print(" <td>");
out.print(" <a href='javascript:void(0)' οnclick='del("+deptno+")'>删除</a>");
out.print(" <a href='edit.html'>修改</a>");
out.print(" <a href='"+contextPath+"/dept/detail?deptno="+deptno+"'>详情</a>");
out.print(" </td>");
out.print(" </tr>");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(conn, ps, rs);
}
out.print(" </table>");
out.print(" <hr>");
out.print(" <a href='"+contextPath+"/add'>新增部门</a>");
out.print(" </body>");
out.print("</html>");
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>delete</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sdnu.oa.web.action.DeptDelServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>delete</servlet-name>
<!--web.xml文件中的这个路径也是以“/”开始的，但是不加项目名 -->
<url-pattern>/dept/delete</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
8.功能：添加部门
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>新增部门</h1>
<hr>
<form action="/oa/dept/save" method="post">
部门编号<input type="text" name="deptno"/><br>
部门名称<input type="text" name="dname"/><br>
部门位置<input type="text" name="loc"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="保存"/><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
package com.sdnu.oa.web.action;
import com.sdnu.oa.utils.DBUtil;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* 新增
*
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/11 12:09
**/
public class DeptSaveServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");
String dname = request.getParameter("dname");
String loc = request.getParameter("loc");
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
int count = 0;
try{
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
String sql = "insert into dept(deptno, dname, loc) values (?, ?, ?)";
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, deptno);
ps.setString(2, dname);
ps.setString(3, loc);
count = ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
DBUtil.close(conn, ps, null);
}
if(count == 1){
request.getRequestDispatcher("/dept/list").forward(request, response);
}else{
request.getRequestDispatcher("/error.html").forward(request, response);
}
}
}
9.功能：修改部门
package com.sdnu.oa.web.action;
import com.sdnu.oa.utils.DBUtil;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* 修改
*
* @author Beyong
* @date 2023/03/11 17:40
**/
public class DeptModifyServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String deptno = request.getParameter("deptno");
String dname = request.getParameter("dname");
String loc = request.getParameter("loc");
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
int count = 0;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
String sql = "update dept set dname=?, loc=? where deptno=?";
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1, dname);
ps.setString(2, loc);
ps.setString(3, deptno);
count = ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(conn, ps, null);
}
if(count == 1){
request.getRequestDispatcher("/dept/list").forward(request, response);
} else {
request.getRequestDispatcher("/error.html").forward(request, response);
}
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>modify</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.sdnu.oa.web.action.DeptModifyServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>modify</servlet-name>
<!--web.xml文件中的这个路径也是以“/”开始的，但是不加项目名 -->
<url-pattern>/dept/modify</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
10.资源跳转
11.转发vs重定向
11.1代码上的区别
11.2形式上的区别
11.3本质上的区别
转发
重定向
11.4转发和重定向如何选择
11.5跳转的下一个资源有限制吗？必须是Servlet吗？
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