docker初级命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-15 10:12:11 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-01-15 10:12:11 发布
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docker命令

后台启动容器

#  命令 docker run -d 镜像ID   #后台运行docker
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker run -d centos  
63130e5e23aedb0f6106995aaa38c2f3ff0ed9a79176b9d4727b2c12be3fd7e7
#常见问题：docker 容器使用后台方式运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会停止运行
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止运行

查看日志

# docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER   # docker logs [选项] 容器ID

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative
                       (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
      --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative
                       (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -tf                  #显示日志
  --tail number        #显示日志行数
                         
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done "#编写一段脚本执行
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker ps   #查询容器ID
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
1f2b2dba9cb0        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   24 seconds ago      Up 22 second                    
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker logs -tf --tail 5 1f2b2dba9cb0 #显示日志
2020-06-28T20:43:39.975592240Z hello world
2020-06-28T20:43:40.978753200Z hello world
2020-06-28T20:43:41.981909840Z hello world
2020-06-28T20:43:42.985172040Z hello world
2020-06-28T20:43:43.988394240Z hello world
2020-06-28T20:43:44.991561480Z hello world

查看进程信息

docker top 容器ID
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker top 1f2b2dba9cb0
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                24196               24178               0                   04:42               
root                24833               24196               0                   04:49               
UID         #用户ID
PID         #副ID
PPID        #进程ID

查看镜像元数据

# docker inspect --help  

Usage:  docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]

Return low-level information on Docker objects

Options:
  -f, --format string   Format the output using the given Go template
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes if the type is container
      --type string     Return JSON for specified type
 
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker inspect 1f2b2dba9cb0    #指定容器的详细信息
[
    {
        "Id": "1f2b2dba9cb0d3a0a38d3e2e0d5c6b1f9dc6cc6e874cce053a4352ea44046c43",
        "Created": "2020-06-28T20:42:53.78648092Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done "
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 24196,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-06-28T20:42:54.83615884Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1f2b2dba9cb0d3a0a38d3e2e0d5c6b1f9dc6cc6e874cce053a4352ea44046c43/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1f2b2dba9cb0d3a0a38d3e2e0d5c6b1f9dc6cc6e874cce053a4352ea44046c43/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1f2b2dba9cb0d3a0a38d3e2e0d5c6b1f9dc6cc6e874cce053a4352ea44046c43/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1f2b2dba9cb0d3a0a38d3e2e0d5c6b1f9dc6cc6e874cce053a4352ea44046c43/1f2b2dba9cb0d3a0a38d3e2e0d5c6b1f9dc6cc6e874cce053a4352ea44046c43-json.log",
        "Name": "/stoic_nightingale",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/523c86fb02fe9ced33d55042b4a8c0e55707509001d2896f9909973b7c3b457c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f73d5769d4aa2f59c5711fb6c19dd4151e2ccc004edbd6c383d8aafbb0400182/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/523c86fb02fe9ced33d55042b4a8c0e55707509001d2896f9909973b7c3b457c/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/523c86fb02fe9ced33d55042b4a8c0e55707509001d2896f9909973b7c3b457c/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/523c86fb02fe9ced33d55042b4a8c0e55707509001d2896f9909973b7c3b457c/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "1f2b2dba9cb0",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done "
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "e116943cf0ea4843cd84868e51b48cfbb7388a323fe503f35dfabf9ce4fe27be",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e116943cf0ea",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "f463f255a125385a79bf2d29a326c7e73382fabac87f19a2faa7234bc789c7dd",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "ada91f681d918fb768178a7157b5fc0de1924068242e994d6bf7892acb407272",
                    "EndpointID": "f463f255a125385a79bf2d29a326c7e73382fabac87f19a2faa7234bc789c7dd",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#命令语法
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker exec --help

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

Run a command in a running container

Options:
  -d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -e, --env list             Set environment variables
  -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
  -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  -u, --user string          Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
  -w, --workdir string       Working directory inside the container
#方式一
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker exec -it 1f2b2dba9cb0 ls  
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
#方式二
#命令语法
[root@172-0-0-2 /]# docker attach --help    

Usage:  docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container

Options:
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --no-stdin             Do not attach STDIN
      --sig-proxy            Proxy all received signals to the process (default true)
#  docker exec          #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面进行操作（常用）
#  docker attach        #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

[root@CentOS7 /]# docker cp --help  #语法帮助

Usage:  docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-      #docker cp [options] 容器ID：Src地址  主机目的地址
        docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH      #docker cp [options] Src地址  容器ID：主机目的地址

Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin
and extract it to a directory destination in a container.
Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a
container source to stdout.

Options:
  -a, --archive       Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
  -L, --follow-link   Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH
[root@CentOS7 /]# docker ps   #查询容器ID
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS            
c8ef48ac1d88        centos              "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes       
[root@CentOS7 /]# docker cp c8ef48ac1d88:/home/f2 /
[root@CentOS7 /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  f2  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
"Blue"
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