matplotlib的使用实例

随机漫步实例：

from random import choice


class RandomWalk():
    """A class to generate random walks."""

    def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
        """Initialize attributes of a walk."""
        self.num_points = num_points

        # All walks start at (0, 0).
        self.x_values = [0]
        self.y_values = [0]

    def fill_walk(self):
        """Calculate all the points in the walk."""

        # Keep taking steps until the walk reaches the desired length.
        while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:

            # Decide which direction to go, and how far to go in that direction.
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])
            x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            x_step = x_direction * x_distance

            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            y_step = y_direction * y_distance

            # Reject moves that go nowhere.
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue

            # Calculate the next x and y values.
            next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step

            self.x_values.append(next_x)
            self.y_values.append(next_y)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from random_wa import RandomWalk

while True:
    rw=RandomWalk(50000)
    rw.fill_walk()
    plt.figure(dpi=128,figsize=(10,6))
    #figure函数可以用来设置分辨率和绘图窗口
    point_numbers=list(range(rw.num_points))
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap=plt.cm.Blues,
                edgecolor='none', s=1)

    # Emphasize the first and last points.
    plt.scatter(0, 0, c='green', edgecolors='none', s=100)
    plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolors='none',
                s=100)

    # Remove the axes.移除坐标系
    plt.axes().get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.axes().get_yaxis().set_visible(False)

    plt.show()

    keep_running = input("Make another walk? (y/n): ")
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break