JAVA图书管理系统

简单的图书管理系统源代码

Test

package BookSystem;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object o = null;
        // 1. 先准备好书籍的数据
        BookList bookList = new BookList();
        // 2. 创建用户(涉及到登陆过程)
        //    咱们写这个 main 方法(整合整体逻辑的时候, 不关注用户是啥)
        User user = login();

        // 3. 进入主循环
        while (true) {
            // 此时 user 是父类的引用. 调用的 menu 是哪个版本的方法?
            // 就看 user 到底指向哪种子类的实例
            // 这就是多态. 在这个场景中, 调用者根本无需关注 user 到底是啥类型~~
            int choice = user.menu();
            // 有了用户输入的选择之后, 需要根据这个选项, 来执行对应的操作
            user.doOperation(choice, bookList);
        }
    }

    public static User login() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入您的姓名: ");
        String name = scanner.next();
        System.out.println("请输入您的角色: 1 管理员, 0 普通用户");
        int who = scanner.nextInt();
        if (who == 1) {
            return new Admin(name);
        }
        return new NormalUser(name);
    }
}

User

package BookSystem;

import BookSystem.operation.IOperation;

// User 这个类用来作为 Admin 和 NormalUser 的父类
// 存放两种角色的公共信息的
// User 类不应该被实例化. 角色实际就只有管理员和普通用户两种
// 于是就做成一个抽象类, 防止后面不小心对 User 实例化了, 编译就能给出报错
abstract public class User {
    protected String name;
    protected IOperation[] operations;

    // 这个方法用来打印该用户的菜单
    // 不同的用户支持的操作不一样, 菜单内容也不一样.
    // 此处就做成抽象方法, 再由该类的子类来进一步的重写这样的方法
    public abstract int menu();

    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        // 如果 choice 是 1, 并且当前 user 是 Admin 的话,
        // 此时取下标为 0 的元素, 就得到了一个 FindOperation 的实例
        // 此时 operation 这个引用指向的就是这个 FindOperation 实例
        IOperation operation = this.operations[choice - 1];
        // 再调用 work 方法, 这也是父类引用调用方法, 实际执行的是 引用对应的子类的方法
        operation.work(bookList);
    }
}

NormalUser

package BookSystem;

import BookSystem.operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User {

    public NormalUser(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        this.operations = new IOperation[] {
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation(),
                new ExitOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("=========================");
        System.out.println("Hello! " + name + ", 欢迎使用咱的图书管理系统");
        System.out.println(" 1. 查阅书籍信息");
        System.out.println(" 2. 借阅书籍");
        System.out.println(" 3. 归还书籍");
        System.out.println(" 4. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("=========================");
        System.out.println("请输入您的选择: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

BookList

package BookSystem;

// 通过这个类把多个 Book 对象给组织起来
public class BookList {
    // 100 相当于这个 BookList 的 capacity
    private Book[] books = new Book[100];
    private int size = 0;

    public BookList(){
        books[0] = new Book("朝花夕拾","鲁迅",35,"文学散文");
        books[1] = new Book("三体","刘慈欣",99,"科幻小说");
        books[2] = new Book("骆驼祥子","老舍",29,"文学小说");
        books[3] = new Book("十宗罪","蜘蛛",108,"悬疑小说");
        size = 4;
     }

    // 后面需要针对其中的某一本书进行操作.
    public Book getBook(int index) {
        return books[index];
    }

    public void setBook(int index, Book book) {
        books[index] = book;
    }

    // 使用 alt + insert 也能生成 getter 和 setter 方法
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    public void setSize(int size) {
        this.size = size;
    }
}

Book

package BookSystem;

// Book 类用来表示一本书的信息
// 这些信息通过 Book 类的属性来表示
public class Book {
    // 原则是, 能用 private 就尽量用 private
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private double price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed = false;

    // 使用构造方法针对这些私有成员进行初始化
    public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }
}

Admin

package BookSystem;

import BookSystem.operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Admin extends User {
    public Admin(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        this.operations = new IOperation[] {
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation(),
                new ExitOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("=========================");
        System.out.println("Hello! " + name + ", 欢迎使用咱的图书管理系统");
        System.out.println(" 1. 查阅书籍信息");
        System.out.println(" 2. 新增书籍信息");
        System.out.println(" 3. 删除书籍信息");
        System.out.println(" 4. 打印书籍列表");
        System.out.println(" 5. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("=========================");
        System.out.println("请输入您的选择: ");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

IOperation

package BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

AddOperation

package BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.Book;
import BookSystem.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

// 往 BookList 中新增一本书
public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        // 里面实现具体的新增操作
        System.out.println("新增书籍");
        System.out.println("请输入新的书籍的名称: ");
        String name = scanner.next();
        System.out.println("请输入新的书籍的作者: ");
        String author = scanner.next();
        System.out.println("请输入新的书籍的价格: ");
        double price = scanner.nextDouble();
        System.out.println("请输入新的书籍的类别: ");
        String type = scanner.next();
        Book newBook = new Book(name, author, price, type);
        // 把这本新的书放到 BookList 的末尾即可.
        int curSize = bookList.getSize();
        bookList.setBook(curSize, newBook);
        bookList.setSize(curSize + 1);
        System.out.println("新增书籍成功!");
    }
}

DeleteOperation

package BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        // 实现删除一本指定书籍的操作
        System.out.println("删除书籍");
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的书籍的名字: ");
        String name = scanner.next();
        int i = 0;
        for (; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
            if (name.equals(bookList.getBook(i).getName())) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i >= bookList.getSize()) {
            // 没找到匹配名字的书, 删除失败
            System.out.println("您输入的书籍 [" + name + "] 在系统中没有找到! 删除失败!");
            return;
        }
        // 如果找到了匹配的名字, 就把 i 位置的元素给删除掉即可~
        if (i == bookList.getSize() - 1) {
            // 如果当前要删除的元素正好是数组的最后一个元素, 直接 size-- 即可
            bookList.setSize(bookList.getSize() - 1);
            System.out.println("删除成功");
            return;
        }
        // 如果要是需要删除中间元素
        // 先把最后一个元素给赋值到要删除的元素位置,
        bookList.setBook(i, bookList.getBook(bookList.getSize() - 1));
        // 再删除最后一个元素
        bookList.setSize(bookList.getSize() - 1);
        System.out.println("删除成功");
    }
}

FindOperation

package BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        // 实现查找某个书籍的信息
        System.out.println("查找书籍");
        // 让用户输入书名, 来进行查找
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要查找的书名: ");
        String name = scanner.next();
        // 循环遍历书籍列表
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
            // 此处不使用 equals, 而是使用 contains.
            if (bookList.getBook(i).getName().contains(name)) {
                System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
            }
        }
    }
}

DisplayOperation

package BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.Book;
import BookSystem.BookList;

// 把 BookList 中的所有信息都打印出来
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        // 显示书籍列表
        System.out.println("显示书籍列表");
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
            System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
        }
    }
}

ExitOperation

package BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        // 退出程序
        System.out.println("退出程序");
        // 通过这里的 exit 方法就可以直接结束当前程序(结束了当前 jvm 对应的 java 进程)
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

BorrowOperation

package  BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.Book;
import BookSystem.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        // 实现借书操作
        System.out.println("借阅书籍");
        System.out.println("请输入要借阅的书籍的名称: ");
        String name = scanner.next();

        // 找到指定书籍的位置
        int i = 0;
        for (; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
           if (bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name)) {
               break;
           }
        }
        if (i >= bookList.getSize()) {
            // 没找到
            System.out.println("未找到指定的书籍, 无法借阅!");
            return;
        }
        // 如果找到了对应的书籍, 再判断当前这本书是否已经被借阅了
        Book currentBook = bookList.getBook(i);
        if (currentBook.isBorrowed()) {
            // 已经被借阅了, 不能继续借阅
            System.out.println("该书籍已经被借出!");
            return;
        }
        bookList.getBook(i).setBorrowed(true);
        System.out.println("借书成功!");
    }
}

ReturnOperation

package BookSystem.operation;

import BookSystem.Book;
import BookSystem.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        // 实现还书
        System.out.println("归还书籍");
        System.out.println("请输入要还的书籍的名称: ");
        String name = scanner.next();
        int i = 0;
        for (; i < bookList.getSize(); i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i >= bookList.getSize()) {
            System.out.println("书籍没有找到, 无法归还!");
            return;
        }
        // 判定当前这本书是否是已经借阅的状态. 如果没借出, 也就不必归还
        Book currentBook = bookList.getBook(i);
        if (!currentBook.isBorrowed()) {
            System.out.println("这本书没有借出, 无法归还!");
            return;
        }
        currentBook.setBorrowed(false);
        System.out.println("归还书籍成功! ");
        return;
    }
}